Wednesday, July 31, 2019
Delhi Police Achievement
DATED 09/01/2013 PRESS RELEASE                                                                CENTRAL DISTRICT GANG OF INTERSTATE CHEATS INVOLVED IN INTERNET BANKING FRAUD BUSTED : FOUR ARRESTED With the arrest of (1) Ajay Kumar Mishra, aged about 45 years s/o Parmeshwar Mishra r/o WZ-823, Palam, Village, Delhi, permanent address Add:- VPO& PS- Jainagar, Madhubani (Bihar), (2) Binay Kumar, aged about 35 years s/o Harish Chand r/o A-166, Devali road, Khanpur, Delhi,     permanent address VPO- Kaitpwar, PS –Sakatpur, Darbhanga (Bihar), (3) Ravi Shankar Pandey, aged about 45 years r/o A-63, near Rama Public School, New Gopal Nagar Extn.Najafgarh, Delhi and (4) Jitender Kumar, aged about 40 years s/o S. R. Suman r/o 38/11, A Block, Amrit Vihar, Burari, Delhi, Central Distric t has busted a cheating racket which had cheated several businessmen by cracking the passwords of their bank Accounts and subsequently transferring huge amounts through internet transactions and RTGS transfer in various Accounts and by subsequently withdrawing the amount from these accounts located in different parts of the country. INCIDENT On 03-01-13, one Sh.Ravi Gupta, owner of a Metal Firm having his office in the area of P. S. Pahar Ganj gave a complaint that Rs. fifteen lakhs have been transferred from his Account illegally through Electronic Transferring System. On this, a case vide FIR No. 02/13 u/s 420 IPC was registered at P. S. Pahar Ganj and the investigation was taken up. TEAM A team comprising of Inspr. Suresh Kaushik, SHO/Pahar Ganj, SI Vinay Kumar, SI Dharmender Kumar, HC Satpal and Ct. Chand Ram was constituted under the supervision of Sh.Anil Kapoor, ACP/Pahar Ganj /Central Districts to apprehend the culprits. INVESTIGATION During the course of investigation, it was revealed that the money had been transferred from the account of the complainant to different Accounts of Delhi, Lucknow and Agra. It was further revealed that Rs. seven lakhs had already been withdrawn from ICICI Bank Green Park Branch where a total of Rs. ten lakhs were transferred. Sources were deployed to apprehend the accused persons as it was suspected that they would approach the bank to withdraw the remaining amount.On 04-01-2013, on the basis of secret information, accused Jitender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra were apprehended by the police team from ICICI Bank Green Park Branch, Delhi when they were trying to withdraw the remaining amount cheated from the account of accused Jitender Kumar. During the interrogation, it was revealed that the accused are the members of an interstate gang, who were operating in Delhi. The accused persons used to take instructions from their accomplices namely Ajay Mishra and Ravi Shanker Pandey.It was further revealed that accused J itender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra were assigned the task to arrange for operational Accounts of different persons in different Banks all over India from where money could be transferred and the same could be withdrawn immediately even before the victim came to know about the illegal transaction from his Account. At the instance of accused Jitender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra, accused Ajay Kumar and Ravi Shanker Pandey were apprehended by the police team from Dwarka and Najafgarh respectively. Ajay Kumar and Ravi Shanker Pandey are the operational members of the gang.At the instance of accused Jitender Kumar and Binay Kumar Mishra, Rs. 30,000/- cash has been recovered and the Bank Account where cheated money more than Rs. four lakhs had been deposited has been frozen. Further investigation / interrogation is in progress. MODUS OPERANDI The members of the gang have thorough knowledge and understanding of Internet Banking. They used to hack the computers of different companies havi ng their current Accounts in Multi National Banks. Once they used to get the user name and password of Account through hacking, they used to track the major transaction of the victim.As soon as the accused persons used to have a substantial amount in that Account, they used to approach the service provider of the Mobile Company of the victim to get a duplicate SIM so that the victim may not get the ALERTS from the Banks of those particular transactions. The members of the gang then used the user name and password of the Account to get the money transferred to a particular Account and thereafter other members of the gang used to start working and withdrew the money through cheque, through ATM or would transfer the money in different Account in different parts of the country.The accused persons used to siphon off money only from the Accounts in Multi National Banks as the transfer and withdrawal was comparatively fast in these Banks. RECOVERIES †¢Ã‚ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚             Rs. 30,000/- Cash and Rs. Four lakhs has been frozen in the Bank Accounts. †¢Ã‚                     Mobile phones used in the operation. PROFILE 1. Ajay Kumar Mishra s/o Parmeshwar Mishra r/o WZ-823, Palam, Village, Delhi, Prem Add:- VPO& PS- Jainagar, Madhubani, Bihar is 45 years old and has studied up to B. Sc. (Pass) from LLMU, Darbhanga, Bihar.He came to Delhi in the year 1993 and joined a private company as an Accountant but claimed himself to be a CA. At present, he runs an office at Sector 6, Dwarka, Delhi providing Accounts Services and import / export consultancy. 2. Binay Kumar s/o Harish Chand r/o A-166, Devali road, Khanpur, Delhi, permanent address VPO- Kaitpwar, PS –Sakatpur, Darbhanga (Bihar) is 35 years old and has studied up to B. A. and had worked as Account Assistant in different private companies. At present, he runs a Security Agency and HR Consultancy from his residence. 3.Ravi Shankar Pandey r/o A-63, near Rama Public School, New Gopal Nagar Extn. Najafgarh, Delhi is 45 years old and has studied up to class 10th. He is in the business of printing. 4. Jitender Kumar s/o S. R. Suman r/o 38/11, A Block, Amrit Vihar, Burari, Delhi is 40 years and has studied up to B. A. He works as Accounts Assistant in various companies. (DEVESH CHANDRA SRIVASTVA), IPS ADDL. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE, CENTRAL DISTRICT, DELHI. [pic]PRESS RELEASE | | | |[pic] | [pic][pic] |SOUTH WEST DISTT. | | | | Dated: 09/01/2013 BLIND GRUESOME MURDER CASE WORKED OUT IN NO TIME. TWO ARRESTED. MOBILE PHONE OF DECEASED, WEAPON OF OFFENCE I. E KNIFE & MOTORCYCLE USED IN COMMISSION OF CRIME RECOVERED | | | |Highlights:- | | |†¢Ã‚      Gruesome blind murder case of a Delhi Jal Board driver solved. | | |†¢Ã‚      Deceased developed obsession towards accused’s young daughter, which led to his murder . | |†¢Ã‚      Two persons arrested | | |†¢Ã‚      Weapon of offence i. e. knife recovered. | | |†¢Ã‚      Mobile phone, shoes of the deceased and three broken sim cards have been recovered. | | |†¢Ã‚      Motorcycle used in commission of crime has also been recovered. | | | | | | | | | |With the arrest of two accused persons viz (1) Lady and (2)Rakesh (aged-24yrs) `s/o Nathhu Lal r/o Village Khajuri, Delhi, PS Bindapur, South-West District Police has worked out a case of brutal murder, which occurred on the evening of 06/01/2013 in the area of Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar. Weapon of offence i. e. knife, mobile phone and shoes of the deceased, and motorcycle used in commission of crime have been recovered. GIST OF CASE On 06/01/13 a PCR call was received vide DD No. 60B at 10. 34 PM at PS Bindapur regarding an unclaimed suitcase lying in D- Block, Phase-I, J J Colony, Dwarka Sec- 3. I. O.S I Ashok Kumar along with staff reached at the spot where foul smell was emanating from the Suitcase which was wrapped in a quilt. Finding the matter suspicious SHO/Bindapur and crime team were called at the spot and opened the suitcase in which a male dead body aged about 30-35 years was found bundled. On inspection throat was found slit with a sharp edge weapon and a polythene was found tied around the neck. The corpse was shown to the number of passerby and neighbourers but despite best efforts the identity of the dead body couldn’t be established. Bereft of any alternative a case of murder vide FIR No. 0/13 u/s 302/201 IPC PS Bindapur was registered on DD No. 60B and investigation was taken up in right earnest. BREAKTHROUGH At the outset, to establish the identity of the deceased was the challenge before the police. Message in the context of details and descriptions of unknown dead body was flashed. Crack teams were formed and were dispatched to the adjacent Police Station s. During this exercise, a team led by SI Ashok came to know that a person is missing from the area of Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar. The information was further developed and photograph of the deceased was shown to the family members i. . elder brother of deceased. Finally the hard work bore fruits and the identity of the deceased was established as Inder s/o Rajvir Singh r/o L- 2/C- 49, Mohan Garden, Uttam Nagar. After establishing the identity of the deceased, Police launched a massive manhunt to trace the culprits. Local enquiries were made by the Police to extract clues about the last seen of the deceased. Sensing the gravity of the case a special team comprising Inspr. Rajvir Singh Lamba SHO/Bindapur, Inspr. Subhash Chand Inspr. /Investigation Bindapur, SI Ashok Kumar, H. Ct. Rohtash, Ct. Dinesh under the supervision of Sh.M. S Dabas, ACP/Dabri was constituted. The team had a detailed investigation plan and started to pursue the available leads. The team did survey the areas a djoining the scence of crime at about the same time the following night to simulate and recreate the incident. During this exercise, the police team managed to unearth some vital clues. It was transpired that the deceased had illicit relation with one lady. The team got retrieved and analysed the CDR of the deceased and suspect lady. The analyses depicted that the deceased and lady had frequents talks on the mobile.Accordingly, the lady was interrogated by two different teams at length, who was resiling from her version each time, who also deposed that she had cordial relation with the deceased and is no more concerned with the death of Inder, however the same version was contradicted by the various circumstances collected by the police. It turned out that deceased had frequent visits in her house, which resulted in developing relations with her. Of late, the deceased also started having an evil eye on her young daughter, which was the bone of contention. The deceased was warned by the lady and even a quarrel ensued between the duo.Police did lot of ground work in this context. As the probe intensified and the matter was minutely and deeply focused, prima-facie it appeared that the lady (friend of deceased) is dodging Police and was actively involved in the murder of Inder. Reversing back step by step it transpired that on the evening of 06/01/13, Inder was in the house of the lady. Above circumstantial evidences pointed the needle of suspicion towards her and her two associates. Her contradictory statements were exposed and finally she broke down. She confessed to have murdered her friend and packed his body in a suitcase which was dumped in he area of J J Colony, Phase- I, Dwarka, Sec-3. INTERROGATION & CONFESSION Accused lady was subjected to sustained interrogation, who revealed that Inder(deceased) was her friend. He had frequent visits in her house. Of late, he became obsessed with her daughter for which Inder was warned but he did not mend h is way. All means/sources were exhausted by her to save the dignity of her daughter but the deceased did not mend his ways, thus she decided to eliminate him. She took the help of her brother Rakesh Kumar and his associate (friend of Rakesh). As per plan, Inder was called at her house.Tea was offered, which was laced with sleeping pills. When Inder became stupor, she brought knife from kitchen and gave to Rakesh. She caught hold of hands of Inder andhis associate sat on the legs of Inder. Rakesh slit the throat with the knife. After confirming the death of Inder, they bundled the body and wrapped it in a gunny bag, Thereafter it was stuffed in a suitcase. The suitcase was further wrapped in a quilt and same was dumped in the area of J J Colony, Phase- I, Dwarka Sec- 3. Accused lady was produced before the concerned court and her one day PC remand was taken.On her pointing out, accused namely Rakesh has been apprehended. Material evidences i. e. shoes of deceased, mobile phone of deceased and three broken sim cards of deceased, motorcycle used in commission of crime, weapon of offence i. e. knife have also been recovered at the instance of duo. NAME AND PROFILE OF ACCUSED PERSONS ACCUSED NO. 1      lady Accused is an illiterate and a house wife. She has three children. Her husband is a causal painter. Deceased helped the accused financially on several occasions. Deceased got the advantage of the same and developed physical relation with the accused.To this extend accused tolerated everything but could not digest the matter when deceased showed interest towards her young daughter. First she warned the deceased when he did not mend his way. He was murdered as per plan. Further startling facts emerged that accused arranged the weapon of offence i. e. Knife, called the deceased at her resident, offered tea by adding intoxicants ACCUSED NO. 2 Name                        -Rak esh Father’s Name                      – Nathhu Lal Address                                – Village- Khajuri , Bhajanpura, Delhi. Age                                       -24yrsEducation                            -illiterate Present job                        -Private job Family status                        -poor Accused is an illiterate. He is unmarried and originally hails from Rajasthan and has rental accommodation in Village Khajuri. RECOVERY -Weapons of offence i. e. knife. -Mobile phone of deceased and three broken sim cards. -Shoes of deceased. -Motorcycle used in commission of crime. Further investigation is in progress and staff involved in this good work is being suitably rewarded. (ANIL KUMAR OJHA) IPS   ADDL. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE SOUTH-WEST DISTT. NEW DELHI Dated 09. 01. 13 MAID SERVANT WITH PARAMOUR ARRESTED – STOLEN MONEY RS. 4 LAKHS RECOVERED The staff of Police Station Janak Puri has nabbed a maid servant namely Nomee D/o Late Oklu Tete R/o Village Mokhra, Post Office Ponikele, PS Gumla Distt. Gumla Jharkhand with her boy friend namely Santosh Kumar Sahu S/o Sh. Harihar Prashad Sahu R/o Village Katia, Post Office Jeetu Toli, PS Bano, Distt. Seendega Jharkhand. With the arrest of this maid and her boy friend, a case of servant theft registered vide FIR No. 06/13, U/s 381/34 IPC PS Janak Puri has been worked out and stolen amount Rs.Four Lacs has been recovered. PROFILES OF THE ACCUSED 1. Nomee D/o L ate Oklu Tete was born in Village Mokhra, Post Office Ponikele, PS Gumla Distt. Gumla Jharkhand, age 20 years. She studied up to 5th class and due to poverty, she could not continue her study and came to Ghaziabad UP and worked there as a Maid around 1 ? years and thereafter worked as a Maid Surya Nagar and Gurgoan. Now for the last three weeks she was working at C-3/239 Janak Puri. 2. Santosh Kumar Sahu S/o Sh. Harihar Prashad Sahu was born in Village Katia, Post Office Jeetu Toli, PS Bano, Distt.Seendega Jharkhand age 26 years. He could not persue his further studies so came to Delhi. He worked in a placement agency at Tilak Nagar and also worked as a cook servant in the area of Nariana and Tilak Nagar. Now he is working in the SLG Placement Agency Berri Wala Bagh Hari Nagar Delhi. RECOVERY Stolen Rs 4 Lacs recovered. INCIDENT On 07. 01. 13 complainant Dr. Ajay Gupta R/O C-3/239 Janak Puri made a PCR Call that his maid servant is missing and on 08. 01. 13 he has reported that amou nt of Rs. four Lacs has been stolen from his house and it might be stolen by his absconding maid.Dr. Ajay Gupta had not got the servant verification done from Police. TEAM On the direction of ACP/Vikas Puri Sh. Prakash Chander Mann and under the leadership of Insp. H. S. P. Singh, SHO/ Janakpuri, a team comprising of SI Karambir Singh, HC Bijender, Ct. Harjinder Singh, Ct Yoginder, and W/Ct Rakhi was constituted. Information was developed and it was found from the SLG Placement Agency situated at Beri Wala Bagh Hari Nagar, through whom the maid was employed that she had intimacy with one Santosh Kumar Sahu working in the SLG Placement agency.Raid was conducted at the residence of Santosh Kumar Sahu S/o Harhar Prashad at RZ-209, Gali No. 10, West Sagarpur Delhi and both were apprehended. INTERROGATION     During sustained interrogation they admitted their guilt. Sahu could not proceed further studies so came in Delhi. He worked in a placement agency at Tilak Nagar and also worked as a cook in Nariana and Tilak Nagar. Now he is working with the SLG Placement Agency Berri Wala Bagh Hari Nagar Delhi where he came in contact of Nomee. Gradually he became friend of Nomee and both fell in love and wanted to get married.To accomplish their goals, they made a plan to steal the huge amount of money so that they can get married and settle down. Staff involved in good work is being rewarded suitably. (V. Renganathan) IPS Addl. Commissioner of Police,     West District, New Delhi. [pic] NORTH- WEST DISTT. DATED 9, JAN. 2013 PRESS RELEASE AUTO-LIFTER ARRESTED With the arrest of one auto-lifter namely Ravi @ Kala on 8. 1. 13, the Anti Auto Theft Squad of North-West District has recovered one stolen vehicle. (1)      Ravi @ Kala s/o Dilbagh Singh R/o H. No. 436/31 Gali No. 2 New Court Road Ashok Vihar Sonipat Haryana.Age-28 yrs. INCIDENT: On 8. 1. 13, a secret information was received in AATS/North West District that one per son would come on a stolen Scorpio near M2K Mall (NSP) Subhash Place to dispose off the same. On this information, a team of A. A. T. S. comprising of the officials mention below laid a trap near M2K Mall(NSP) Subhash Place and apprehended one youth with one Scorpio bearing No. DL-3CAA 4511 Silver Colour. Later on, the youth was identified as Ravi @ Kala s/o Dilbagh Singh R/o H. No. 436/31 Gali No. 2, New Court Road, Ashok Vihar, Sonipat, Haryana (aged 28 years).He was asked to produce the papers of the said vehicle which he could not produce. The engine and chassis numbers of the said vehicle were verified from AUTO MATCH and ZIP NET, and it was found that the said vehicle is stolen vide FIR No. 293/12 dated 17. 11. 12 u/s 379 IPC PS Nangloi, Delhi. Subsequently he was arrested vide  DD No. 45-A dated 8. 1. 2013 u/s 41. 1(d)/102 Cr. P. C PS Subhash Place, Delhi INTERROGATION: On sustained interrogation, accused [email protected] Kala revealed that he used to steal veh icles from different parts of Delhi with his associates Sikander and Amir both resident of  Distt.Mujaffarnagar,  UP. On further interrogation, the accused [email protected] Kala disclosed that he has also stolen one Tata Safari with his associates Sikander and Amir from Anand Vihar Delhi which was left abandoned  in Sonipat, Haryana when police picket tried to stop them . TEAM: A special team was constituted under the close supervision of ACP/Operations North-West Distt . Sh . Aas Mohd. with the following officers. 1. Insp. Satya Pal   No. D-I/599            I/C AATS. 2. SI Sukram Pal No. D-1498 3. HC Naresh Kumar No. 642/NW                4. HC Surender Kumar No. 581/NW 5. HC Pawan Kr. No. 23/NW               6. HC Krishan Pal No. 1361/NW 7. Ct  Jagdish No. 879/NW                           8. Ct. Shohan lal Tyagi, No. 1898/NW 9. Ct Mahesh Kumar No. 512/NW 10. Ct. Raman Kumar No. 2058/NW 11. Ct. Vikash Kr. No. 1333/NW RECOVERY One stolen Scorpio No. DL 3CAA 4511 CASES WORKED OUT (1)        FIR No. 293/12 dated 17. 11. 12 u/s 379 IPC PS Nangloi, Delhi     (2)        FIR No. 331/12 dated 21. 11. 12 u/s 379 IPC PS Anand Vihar, Delhi PROFILE OF ACCUSED PERSONS Accused Ravi @ Kala has studied upto 10th class from Haryana and belongs to a lower middle class family.His father is a farmer. He has one previous criminal record. Accused Ravi @ Kala came in contact of Sikander and Amir(both resident of Uttar Pradesh) and started stealing the   vehicles for quick money. The concerned Police Stations have been informed about his involvements/arrest. Sincere efforts are being made to arrest his associates. (M. A RIZVI)                                                 DY. COMMISSIONER OF POLICE,                                                            NORTH-WEST DISTT. ,DELHI. Dated: 09. 01. 013                South-East District police in association with Justice Sunanda Bhandare Foundation is organizing a Gender Sensitization programme for police officers of the district on 10. 01. 2013 at Conference Hall, South-East District, PS Sarita Vihar from 1100 Hrs onwards. The programme aims at giving insights to the police officers into gender relations and strengthening their professional approach with effective policing of city public spaces thro ugh swift and sensitive response to crime especially against women. Addl. Commissioner of Police South-East District, New Delhi.
Tuesday, July 30, 2019
The Regulatory & Ethical Environment of Business
Incorporated In Wall or with a physical presence In Wall) to review in an original term paper. The student must cover at a minimum 3 of the following 7 topics: (2) What type of entity is this business (e. G. LLC, for-profit entity, nonprofit entity, etc. ) and why is that the best choice for this business? (1) How does the equines address ethical or moral issues? (5) What environmental issues does the business deal with? (3) If the business develops, sells or otherwise deals with consumer products, how does the business ensure product safety? (4) Does the business engage in advertising? If so, why? Further, how does it determine what type of advertising best suits Its purposes? (6) What employment Issues has the business faced? 7) What type of steps does the business undertake to Meltzer discrimination both within and outside the workplace? Papers will be graded on thoroughness and concepts covered in the textbooks. Students may conduct research of the business however they see fit, though it is strongly suggested that the student interview or otherwise correspond with a contact person or persons affiliated with the chosen business. Papers must be double spaced, typed in size 12 Times New Roman font with 1 inch margins. The paper must be a minimum of 10 pages and a maximum of 12 pages. MGM-6020-E, 6020?The Regulatory & Ethical Environment of Business Term Paper : Hallelujah Solar (http://www. Holidaymakers. Mom/) length of existence in Hawaii and a description of Hawaii-based activities (particularly f you are covering a national â€Å"chain†business) Hallelujah Solar named after a massive shield volcano that forms more than 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maim. The story of the company is not what one would expect. It did not start with a massive research or a group or pro environmental scientist. It all started back in the ass's, Hallelujah Solar founder, Jim Whitlock,working as a plumber at a golf course, came home after a hard day of work, ready for a nice shower and realized he had no hot water. He called his landlord, and told him all the water he was getting was cold. Mr.. Toby, a long-time local, came over and pointed to a box on the roof and exclaimed in his broken English, â€Å"No more sun, no more hot water†. Mr..Toby went on to explain how the home-made device, copper tubes sandwiched between old window panes connected to a water tank sitting on a rotting wooden stand, used the sun to create hot water. Jim touched the tubes and pulled immediately back from the heat. The proverbial light bulb went off in his head. â€Å"Holy cow, this actually works†, he thought. And that was it. Jims solar energy Journey had begun. Keep in mind back then he was a long-haired hippie surfer, involved in environmental causes like Save Our Surf, a group dedicated to preserving reefs and pristine shorelines from unscrupulous developers. In a weird twist of fate, here he is years later, using inspiration he got from an amateur b ackyard inventor, still helping the environment and along with it, thousands of other lives as well.However, despite the free spirited image Jim was no slacker he was mechanically inclined and good with his hands. It took Jim 60 days to build a solar system prototype whilst working a day Job. This was no small feat considering this was before most people owned a computer let alone heard of the internet. He spent most of his extra time in the local library doing research and experimenting with different materials and products and eventually developed an efficient working solar hot water system. â€Å"The members of the corporation unlike the members of partnership or the proprietors of a business – are financially liable for the debts of the organization only up to the extent of their investments†(Pig 152 Shaw). 977, Jim officially started his solar company, Hallelujah Resources Inc. During the ass's, due to the oil embargo in the Middle East, crude prices rose dramati cally. Environmental awareness also emerged at this time and the ambition of the two triggered tremendous interest in alternative ways to create energy. Solar was a major recipient of this newfound interest and the whole industry took off. Due to the professionalism and integrity of Jim and his services, the now- named Hallelujah Solar quickly became the largest solar company in Maim, eventually other islands and soon they were installing systems all over the state. In the mid ass's, Jim started experimenting with solar cells, creating electricity.With fuel costs constantly rising, and photovoltaic technology prices dropping, he envisioned a true in which â€Å"people would set up their own small electric companies†. In observing the incredible growth of solar electric today, we can conclude he was right. Hallelujah Solar has been in business for over 35 years and has installed over ten thousand solar energy systems with satisfied customers all over the state of Hawaii. They believe servicing systems is Just as important as installing them. They are a one- stop shop and service anything solar energy related. Hallelujah Solar truly stands behind their work, and are one of the few solar companies in the state to have been round long enough to actually back up a 25 year warranty. What type of entity is this business (e. G.LLC, for-profit entity, nonprofit entity, etc. ) and why is that the best choice for this business? â€Å"When we think of corporation we naturally think of giants such as General Motors, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft or Walter, which exert enormous influence over our economy and society. But the local independently owned convenience store may be a corporation. †(pig 1 52 Shaw). Jim Whitlock knew that if he to have any kind of success he needed to create a corporation. Corporation has many advantages that suited this reticular situation. First of all the expansion factor a non-for-profit entity has harder time Justifying expansion since its goal is not revenue generation but rather its mission.Its not the fact that Non-For-Profit organization cannot generate revenue, actually a lot of them do (For example NCAA (National College Athletic Association)), it is the fact that it cannot use revenues to invest in itself. Revenues of non-for-profit organization usually distributed to shareholders as dividends or invested in projects. Non-for-profit cannot retain profits for self investment. Jim Whitlock had the sights et on expansion and needed the profits and revenues to be invested back into the corporation. So that he can weather downturns in business and have enough financial leverage to expand. Non-for-profit usually relies on donations as the main contribution, Corporations are relied on investors as the main source of contribution.Being an investor is more lucrative than being a donor. With corporation it is easier to get findings not only from people who want to succeed with you but also from financial institutions . If a corporation is generating revenue financial institutions are more inclined to give loan or become an investor. The idea of making money appeals more to the banks rather donations†¦ Go figure. Last but not least the Non-for-profit tax requirement for compliance are tedious and time consuming not to mention strict regulations code Jim Whitlock needed to focus on the company's development and its growth instead of trying to comply with government requirements.These are the biggest reasons why Corporation was the right path for Hallelujah corporation rather than the path of non for profit. One of the most important legal benefits is the proprietors and general partners in a partnership are personally and Jointly expansible for all the liabilities of a business such as loans, accounts payable, and legal Judgments. In a corporation, however, stockholders, directors and officers typically are not liable for the company's debts and obligations. There is this quote in the book â €Å"The problem, of course, is that they are not human beings. Or to quote Lord Thrown an eighteenth-century lawyer, how can you â€Å"expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked(pig 154 Shaw).The fact is that these types of corporations do have souls because it starts tit one man's idea and that man wants to see his idea come to fruition, to grow and to materialize. To start something from basically zero with Just an idea a person needs to invest time, a person needs to invest resources and most importantly his soul. The corporation is a shield for personal assets to minimize the already enormous risk a person is taking. Such shield allows the company to grow and maintain the work force knowing that the corporation Just like a person can be braised or blamed, even punished for the decisions management makes and the policies management undertakes. 1) How does the business address ethical or moral issues?The 1973 oil crisis s tarted in October 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OPEC (consisting of the Arab members of OPEC, plus Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US $3 per barrel to nearly $12. This was the wake up call to search for alternative energy source. A lot of articles was posted on the power of solar technology. Jim Whitlock recognized the niche need for solar powered heaters and decided to turn an idea into reality and in turn o profit. â€Å"Pollution and the depletion of natural resources are two aspects of the same problem: Both involve using up natural resources that are limited.Pollution uses up clean air and water, Just as extraction uses up the minerals or oil in the ground†(pig 244 Shaw). However, here we have something that is free and taken for granted – Sunlight. Hallelujah Corporation uses sunlight as its primary resource and conv erts it to heat and electricity the added bonus is no pollution created. In fact studies have confirmed that in the long run installing solar powered equipment reduces cost to he consumer in the long run. Those costs are not only monetary but also environmental since no additional pollution generated there is no additional cost to improve the environment. The cost of cleaning up pollution â€Å"Cost can include time, effort, discomfort, and lost opportunities†(pig 248 Shaw).Since solar industry does not generate extra pollution it saves everyone a lot of time, effort, discomfort and lost opportunities. The longer the solar technology is used the more indirect benefit it generates. Something that deserves to be mentioned a lot of government findings are spent falls into this category. The incentive for solar industry actually comes from two levels the State and The federal both offer tax credits if consumer or a company decides to take a â€Å"greener†route. Both the state of Hawaii and the US federal government offer generous tax credits for new solar photovoltaic system installations. The state of Hawaii also gives tax credits for solar hot water systems.These incentives dramatically lower the cost of purchasing and installing a solar system and have fueled the huge wave of interest in the last several years for solar energy in Hawaii. We thought we would explain how these tax credits work in order for you to start to understand how you can take advantage of them. Now lets get into the specifics the federal government gives a 30% tax credit on the cost of equipment and installation of a solar photovoltaic system and applies to all systems placed into service before December 31, 2016. The Hawaii Energy Tax Credit allows solar customers to claim an income tax credit of 35% of the cost of equipment and installation of a solar hot water system.So here we have a savings of 30% from federal and 35% from state on top of this we have a long term savin gs on the cost of electricity and indirect benefit of no pollution being generated. Utilitarianism is the moral doctrine that we should always act to produce the greatest possible balance of good over bad for everyone affected by our actions†(pig 48 Shaw). With so many reason for the use of solar technology there is no moral or ethical counter argument against it. So what is holding back ?. It is hard to get over the initial investment. Even with all the tax credits solar investment still has a hefty price tag. It is a big investment for a middle class person to shell out for a system that has tendency to be unreliable. That brings us to the next hurdle – unreliability.Even though in this day an age this is almost a non issue because of storage batteries and much more efficient ways to store energy which is being unused. Solar energy does heavily rely on the sun and some parts of the world (other than Hawaii) sun is seasonal and inconsistent so even with all the incent ives it is unpractical in some parts of the world. Last but not least, solar technology does require maintenance once in a while, the solar panels do get dusty and dirty and they need to be hosed off. Not everyone has the physical agility to climb the roof so additional expense is squired to maintain it. What environmental issues does the business deal with? The Hallelujah solar Inc is the futures answer to the present day pollution.We live in a time when its apparent that the use of energy that comes from the combustion of fossil fuels is something that needs to be left in the past, because these sources of energy are not endless and they have quite a negative impact on our Earth's delicate CEO-system. â€Å"William T. Blackstone, have gone further to argue that each of us has a right to a livable environment. In Blackstone view, this is a human right. Each person has the right qua being human and because a livable environment is essential for one to fulfill his human capacitiesâ € This right has emerged as a result of well as the possibility of realizing other human rights†(page 245 Shaw). Solar power is an efficient, CEO-friendly, and endless source of energy that does not have the negative effects on our environment.Yet despite the availability of alternative sources most of the power used in the United States is made from dirty fossil fuels including coal, gas, and oil. Once fossil fuels are burned to generate energy, they Anton be reused and we have to find more to create more energy. The search for more fossil fuels is only going to become more dangerous and expensive. â€Å"Ecosystem which refers to a total ecological community, both living and nonliving. Webs of interdependence structure ecosystems. Predators and prey, producers and consumers, hosts and parasites are linked, creating interlocking mechanisms – checks and balances – that stabilize the system. â€Å"(page 243 Shaw).Pollution is a cancer that is slowly eating a way at the entire ecosystem. Slowly corroding the interlocking mechanism and destroying the checks and balances. Air pollution causes damage to crops, animals, forests, and bodies of water. It also contributes to the depletion of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the sun's UP rays. Another negative effect of air pollution is the formation of acid rain, which harms trees, soils, rivers, and wildlife. Some of the other environmental effects of air pollution are haze, transportation, and global climate change. Pollution also has a direct effect on human that becomes apparent and burdensome during our lifetime.Air pollution can cause long-term and short-term health effects. It's found that the elderly and nouns children are more affected by air pollution. Short-term health effects include eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, allergic reactions, and upper respiratory infections. Some long-term health effects are lung cancer, brain damage, liver damage, kidney damage, heart disease, and respiratory disease. The sun is a huge source of free, natural and renewable power. Using solar power can help offset energy generated from fossil fuels. About half the electricity in the U. S. Comes from burning coal, which releases toxic emissions, such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide, and heavy metals like mercury.Using solar electricity reduces our dependence on coal, thus decreasing greenhouse gases and pollution. Energy produced from green sources, like solar, will help reduce our dependence on imported energy. Solar power can be generated cleanly and safely in the United States, where Jobs can be created in sales, installation, and engineering. In addition, home solar provides freedom from electricity rate increases and power outages. Here in Hawaii, this is even more critical as all of our oil is imported leaving us vulnerable to unstable worldwide fluctuations in the prices of crude oil. By going solar, you can edge the risk of fluctuating oil prices.H allelujah Solar helps fight against the ongoing pollution by offering a substitute energy source. Aside from the obvious benefit to the environment Solar company does offer something immediate to an individual such as tax credit. The government sees the benefit to not only get rid of dependence on foreign resources but also the need to take care of the environment. A lot of incentives were offered to the make money destroying the environment can there be a profitable business that benefits the environment. Apparently it can Solar industry has been gaining a lot of round people are looking to save money and governments are looking to reduce the cost of pollution and to reduce the indirect cost of foreign resource dependency. Social responsibility and environmental sustainability are core business competencies not a fringe activities†(page 245 Shaw) Conclusion and final thoughts, which may include a global view of what you've discovered about the business, what the future likel y holds for the business, etc A solar industry is finally getting its time in the sun. When I began the research I was curious in the industry and what it had to offer. With today's rising prices in oil and gas you are forced to look for alternatives. This year on may 9th president Obama stressed the need for US to find alternative energy source and pledged 2 billion dollars to solar industry. Executive actions that will drive investments in solar energy upgrades for government and private sector buildings, improve appliance efficiency standards, strengthen commercial building codes, encourage innovative financing, and create Jobs by developing a skilled solar workforce. †(Washington Post, may 9th). A lot of big corporations such as Apple and Kea are taking a chance on alarm energy and installing it at their locations. First of all there are incentives such as tax credits which save money for corporations in the short run. Second of all, there are saving incentives in the lon g run since the companies don't have to pay so much for traditional forms of energy. Third of all, it is a really great publicity stunt which can go a long way with investors. So the government is curious about the future of solar technology, the corporations are curious about yet the public remains blind.
Monday, July 29, 2019
Answers to Questions on Multicultural Organizations
Answers to Questions on Multicultural Organizations Explain briefly the meaning of organizational culture and ethnic culture and also explain the main difference between those cultures. Provide suitable examples to support your explanation. Culture refers to the following Ways of Life, including but not limited to: Language: The firstborn human establishment and the easier medium of expression. Arts & Sciences: most advanced and refined forms of human expression. Thought: ways in which people perceive, interpret, and understand the world around them. Spirituality: importance of organization transmitted through generations for the inner well-being of human beings, expressed through language and actions. Social activity: shared recreations within a cultural community, demonstrated in a variety of festivities and life-celebrating events. Interaction: social features of human contact, including the give-and-take of socialization, negotiation, protocol, and conventions. Reference (http://www.roshan-institute.org/templates/System/details.a sp?id=39783&PID=474552) Organization culture is build on the value, beliefs and behavioral norms of organizations it is includes values, beliefs dress code, language, way of personality, rules and regulation, policy and the way they work together. For Example: Imagine and spend one full week inside any one organization – from Monday to Friday – and on Friday at 5:00 PM , conclude the most part such as, the eye catching decision-making style, team-based decision-making, process of sharing information, communication, using symbols, individual responsibility, equal opportunities, etc. these all the process and activity based on so many issues. Generally, this function is the part of organisation and role definition. Situation that the thoughts, meanings, beliefs and values people learn as members of society determines human nature. Persons what they are learned. The Optimistic cultural determinism places no limits on the abilities of human beings to perform their task tow ards the organisational goal and/or objective. Ethnic culture: A characteristic of a people, esp. a group (ethnic group) sharing a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the origin, classification, racial, characteristics, etc., Being a portion of an ethnic group, esp. of a group that is a minority within a larger society: for example: ethnic Chinese in New Zealand. Designate or of an inhabitants subgroup having a common cultural heritage or nationality, as distinguished by customs, characteristics, language, common history, etc. Ethnic culture has own group in the organisation for achieving the organisational goal trough the sharing ideas and performing as a team player but for that they should understand the different culture , respect other values, beliefs, tradition, dress code and skills and experiences. For Example: Culture exists everywhere, at various levels of society, and everyone belongs to at least one, at the supranational level (Western and Eastern civi lizations), at the national level (American, French, Japanese), at the ethnic level (Chinese and Maori in New Zealand, WASPS, Blacks and Hispanics in the USA), and so on. Culture can also be applied to other social units such as occupational group (lawyers, accountants, and physicians), corporations (IBM, CALTAX, McDonald) and even tourism sectors (restaurants, hotels, airlines). Question 2:- Select a leadership example from a culture other than your own and: (a):-Explain how cultural perceptions may influence the leadership style and behavior of the individual or organization selected. Give suitable and relevant examples to support your arguments.
American Public Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words
American Public Law - Essay Example The settlement agreement and order cannot prohibit Americans from using travel dates that correspond to travel dates placed by another airline on a published government of military contract. This clause helps airlines from escaping from abiding to contract obligations between two parties and the damage occurred during travel without direct or intentional involvement of the airlines staff or management. As the airlines are not compelling the passenger to travel in their carriers on the date fixed on the ticket, the probability of paying of compensation for injuries caused by tort acts that have no enough witness to prove the involvement of airlines is less. However, one can retain the record of the dates of such travel and the specific fares. 1 In general tort litigation has been blamed for liability insurance to excessive levels. This may reduce real wages and overall employment and thus refrains the administrations from incorporating the compulsion of paying for tort injuries by the carriers or managements of the organisations like airlines and other transport organisations. The contexts of tort contexts are even reducing the willingness of corporations and individuals to pay for even reasonable risks. There is a scant evidence for these claims that are paid for. One more reason for absence of compensation for torts of certain instances is due to the serious harm done for the economy during early 1990s. Though the tort is a wrongful act, damage or injury done wilfully, there is a need to prove the intention of the doer in the absence of substantial evidence like in the cases mentioned for this paper. As the injury is not due to breach of contract, or it is not violation of the circumstances that involve strict liability, though a violation exists, the payment of compensation will be much lesser than that expected by plaintiff or in some cases no need of compensation except for medical and legal costs. One suggestion that can arise from the situation mentioned for this paper is that the administration or airlines may suggest an insurance cover for short term travel or an insurance cover for the passengers travelling with an extra charge of fare. Though the Brainair charges extra than other airlines, the non utilisation of services mentioned for that extra charge do not give any chance for the plaintiff to get compensation for the injury he has been inflicted due to negligence or incorrect operation of the apparatus. In general, there are instances of transferring payments from wrongdoers to victims and to have compensation from this aspect, the plaintiff should find the wrongdoer and prove his claim on it. As it has been mentioned that the fall of suitcase on plaintiff's head is not finding enough e vidence regarding the negligence of staff or malfunctioning of bin, there is little chance to get compensation, until the plaintiff is able to decide the cause for the fall. If it is due to negligence of the staff, the plaintiff can get transfer of payment from the staff of carrier and if it is due to the malfunctioning of the bin, the brainair can be held responsible for paying compensation. Another aspect that is against the paying for compensation is inflated costs in Tort Costs 2004 report in US. As the approach followed by different organisations and candidates is different,
Sunday, July 28, 2019
Issues in international business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words
Issues in international business - Essay Example Political stability would be ensured by abiding by the EUs political standards. Borders would finally be opened, reducing international barriers to the flow of goods and services, and products would now have access to all European markets. Tax policy changes would be controlled and property rights would be guaranteed, allowing foreign companies to invest on their soil, bringing jobs to the masses of unemployed. But there would be challenges ahead too. Would they be able to meet up to the standards expected of them Could they control the inflation rate Hold prices stable Grow GDP Avoid currency devaluation And minimize deficit No one had the answers, but certainly all ten of the new EU Member States were willing to try. Thus, their first step was to gather up their top economists to strategize. Optimal macroeconomic policies must be put into place as soon as possible to achieve the high standards expected as a new European nation. Each country would have their own strategy, but macroeconomic policies, in general, are adopted to avoid major economic upheavals, with the primary example being The Great Depression. These policies are set and controlled by a nation's government and central bank and include such challenges as stabilising the business cycle, facilitating long-term growth, reducing unemployment, controlling inflation and lowering the current account deficit (Parkin 534). Policy tools to achieve these goals are divided into two categories: fiscal policy and monetary policy. The powers of fiscal policy lie in the hands of the government which tries to influence the state of the economy by such measures as changing tax rates, and altering government spending and debt. On the other hand, monetary policy is steered by the central banks, which are able to adjust interest rates and alter the amount of money in circulation. These are the tools which have been used in a myriad of scenarios by the ten Member S tates inducted into the EU on 1 May 2004. Their actions have been made in an attempt to maintain a stable economy, allowing GDP to grow, deficit to decline and all the while keeping an eye on the golden ring, that is, to adopt the euro as their trading currency. In order to evaluate success of the governments and central banks of the ten new EU countries, one must first set a standard of measure. In other words, what are the goals to be met Is there a particular timeline set for these goals And then ask, how far along have they come in achieving these goals As previously mentioned, one of the major goals for the new countries is to adopt the euro as their own currency. Unlike Denmark and the United Kingdom, the new EU Member States would not have the option of voting out the single currency; but none would have chosen to anyway. Adopting the euro would probably do more alone in the first year towards achieving economic stabilization for these countries than any of the macroeconomic policies described could do in ten years. The euro essentially removes the previous risks involved with currency exchange rates and hedges against sudden inflationary impacts (Frequently Asked QuestionsECB). This results in lowering the interest rates and allows for price stability. However, to protect the current nations utilizing the euro from devaluation, the new EU Member States must be truly ready to adopt the new currency. This readiness is assessed by certain factors called the Maastricht convergence criteria established in
Saturday, July 27, 2019
Secure Software Testing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Secure Software Testing - Essay Example So, it can easily be visualized that the CCQAS is a massive system with multiple sources of data storage as well possible queries for retrieval. Testing phase with the software has been completed in two phases. The first one being the System Integration test (SIT)and in the second phase it's been the System Qualification Test (SQT). The SIT being the first phase of testing i.e., Development Test & Evaluation (DT&E) is performed by The McVey Company, Inc (TMCI). TMCI provided an independent team for this test with sole purpose being the validation of capabilities of the CCQAS system in ensuring technical specification, the rules of business, its various functionalities and other specifications mentioned in the requirement document as well as those defined by the developers and possible end users. The test environment provided for this phase of testing was similar to that of the designed production environment. TMCI role in this phase extends to testing all releases of CCQAS during the duration of SIT. Now in the second phase of DT&E it's the System Qualification Test (SQT)that needs to be performed. Here, the testing is performed by the experts of the subject matter or the service representatives.
Friday, July 26, 2019
Summary Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 11
Summary - Article Example Education of staff is one strategy that is solving this problem. It involves tabling the divergence between many cultures, and asking employees to accommodate each other and accept the unlike opinions (Chinitz 97). Having a successful kick-off can also help solve cultural differences. When the employees openly and willingly disclose about their values and behaviors, the other can understand and learn to receive them the way they are. A successful kick-off will also involve of laying down a standard working protocol that should be followed by each member. This acts as a control over individual acts and keeps everyone in line. For instance, there should be an agreed way of harmonizing cultural divide when it comes to decision making process (Chinitz 123). Cultural training can also add to eradicating cultural divide. Learning about dissimilar norms, values and assumptions of other cultures can help understand them better and create a good working environment (Chinitz 259). Off-shore English should also be used as an international language of trade because it can be easily understood by all
Thursday, July 25, 2019
Misuse of DNA in Homicide Cases Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words
Misuse of DNA in Homicide Cases - Dissertation Example Law enforcers and the justice system had a breakthrough when DNA profiling was discovered and applied in law enforcement. This method was deemed more effective than other methods in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This is because it was difficult to disprove DNA, evidence since it places an individual in the scene of the crime. Fingerprints were equally effective, but they are easier to be corrupted and offenders have become knowledgeable with time, for example, they do not leave fingerprints behind in crime scenes. DNA, however, is hard to be corrupted, and it is difficult for and individual to conceal it, since DNA is present in tissues and fluids in the body of a person. Krude (2004) shows how DNA has changed the society and science since mitochondria DNA can be obtained from bones and teeth of an individual. Hypothesis Like any other breakthrough, there have been controversies, which have been raised regarding the misuse of DNA especially in homicide case, despite the fact that DNA of an individual is unique and could not match with others; individuals and law enforcement have misused the technology. Data Source and Method of Collection The data collected through holding surveys, which involved doing personal interviews on DNA specialist. Data was also collected through extensive research on existing literature discussing the subject. Variables We had two defendant variables, defensive and retaliatory violence. Defensive violence was measured through identifying two scenarios that involved Method of Analysis In the analysis process, statistical information including graphs and figures were employed and were cross referenced with the information in the literature on DNA in law enforcement. Major findings DNA Sequencing The data collected by Culliford (1994), DNA refers to the genetic instructions vital for the function and development of all living organisms. DNA is unique in each personage with the exclusion of monozygotic twins. DNA profiling, however, i s the practice commonly employed by forensic scientists to make out the identity of individuals using their DNA profiles. I believe that these profiles are number sets that are encrypted to reflect an individual’s genetic makeup. This identification method is commonly employed in criminal investigations and paternity tests. This is effective since 99.9% of sequences in human DNA are dissimilar with the exception of monozygotic twins. It is crucial for one to understand the concept of DNA technologies in order to have a better insight on the use of DNA in criminology. History of DNA Profiling According to The technique of DNA, profiling was initially reported in 1984 at the University of Leister. This was through sir Alec Jefferys, a British geneticist who developed a method of DNA fingerprinting and profiling. It is evident that the scientist made this crucial discovery while observing the image of a DNA in an x-ray film. This image showed evidence of some similarities and di stinctions in DNA. He used samples of DNA from the different family members of his staff. This enabled him to determine a scope through which DNA fingerprinting could be used to identify individuals using this method. Despite the method being discovered in 1984, it was made commercially available three years later. In the article,
Wednesday, July 24, 2019
Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group Study
Transfusion reaction in a with the rare Bombay blood group - Case Study Example An occurrence of antigen H, synthesized by H gene, determines the expression of the A and B antigens. The antigen is a substrate for enzymes A and B transferases encoded by ABO blood group genes present on chromosome 19 of the human genome. Due to the absence of transferases in O group, H substance persists on the RBCs leading to the inability of Bombay phenotype patients to synthesize the two antigens. In addition, ABH antigens do not exist in their red blood cells. When transfuse with incompatible blood groups, a hemolytic reaction occurs in Bombay phenotypic recipients. Misdiagnosis in through blood group determination is prevalent in patients with the Bombay phenotype. Bombay phenotype individuals exhibit a high presence of anti-H in their plasma (Shahshahani et al., 2013). The strong presence of antigen H explains the occurrence of hemolytic reaction when transfused with any other blood type apart from Bombay phenotype blood group. Hemolysis is a prerequisite for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) responsible for the symptoms witnessed in the patient. Decreasing cases of misdiagnosis in blood group determination entails incorporating reverse blood grouping together with O control cells to enhance identification of Bombay phenotype donors. Shahshahani, H. J., Vahidfar, M. R., & Khodaie, S. A. (2013). Transfusion reaction in a case with the rare Bombay blood group. Asian Journal of Transfusion Science, 7(1),
Tuesday, July 23, 2019
Critical Analysis of International Negotiation between Israel and Gaza Essay
Critical Analysis of International Negotiation between Israel and Gaza in 2008-2009 - Essay Example It has been reported that they Qassam rockets have been launched over Israel over three thousand times in 2008. However, principle leaders of Hamas have been enraged by the continuing blockades which Israel have maintained and the lack of any significant political movement made by the agreement from June to December, therefore increased the number of rockets launched over Israel yet again. In response Israel instigated a counter-attack against Hamas, with a combination of air attack and naval attack on the Gaza Strip, ending with more than three hundred and fifty people dead, almost fifteen hundred injured and many buildings ruined. In further retaliation, Hamas leader declared that they would increase the amount of rockets launched, and send into Israel more suicide bombers (Taylor, 2008). On the 27th December air attacks over the Gaza Stripe, initiated by the Israel Defence Forces (IDF), found target with over forty hits on Hamas headquarters, buildings and stores. This was the dea dliest day in the sixty years that this war has been raging between Israel and Palestine. These events ignited protests in and around both these countries (Global Voices, 2008). Since the attack on 27th December by Hamas who broke the cease-fire by launching Qassam rockets over their territory, Israel have stated that they then had no alternative but to fight back by declaring hostilities on Gaza in retaliation. The Foreign Minister, Tzipi Livni, stated that they had attempted all they could in order to halt an offensive attack (Niva, 2009). Niva (2009) however, argues that these sentiments are extensively in opposition with the reality that Israel’s political, and also military leadership took several forceful moves throughout the cease-fire which made worse the crisis with Hamas, and may have even motivated Hamas to generate an excuse for the attack. Therefore, Niva (2009) believes that the current war that is now raging at the beginning of 2009, between
Starting middle school essay Essay Example for Free
Starting middle school essay Essay The night before middle school, I had mixed feelings. I was kind of nervous but excited at the same time about starting middle school. I had spent the day with my best friend, Mindy, swimming in her backyard. Afterwards, I came home and packed my school supplies in my backpack and ate dinner. I had a hard time sleeping that night because so many things were racing through my head. I worried if I would have any classes with my friends and if I would have nice teachers. I woke up early the next morning and I was still feeling a little nervous but also really excited! When I got to school, I met up with all my friends and compared our schedules. My classes were math, P. E. , reading, core, rotation/ communications, and science. My favorite teachers were Mrs. Latz, Ms. McHale, and Mr. Yu because they were really nice and they made their classes interesting and fun! My favorite classes were the ones taught by my favorite teachers. I found my classes just fine but I was always rushed to get to class on time. It was especially hard when I had to go from one end of campus to the other. Also, at brunch, I only had ten minutes and the bathroom lines were so long, that I didn’t get to eat my snack. At lunch, I only had thirty minutes to eat and I hardly had enough time to go to the bathroom because the lines were still long! I’m sure it will get easier after a couple of days. I had hoped that I would have some classes with my best friends. I also expected to see some kind of bullying on the first day. I definitely thought I would have some mean teachers. However, none of my best friends were in any of my classes. I never saw any bullying all day. I was relieved when I had no mean teachers. Middle school is completely different from elementary, but I think like it. Unlike elementary, middle school has seven different classes and teachers. There is a pool, a gymnasium, and there are definitely more kids. Thankfully, my first day of middle school went pretty well. I think it is going to be a great year! By: Rachel Gieseke PM Core, 9/2/11.
Monday, July 22, 2019
On the side walk bleeding Essay Example for Free
On the side walk bleeding Essay In General, The things that make it difficult to read a book is being able to sit and concentrate only on that book, and actually reading it to the point where you know exactly what you’re reading and what’s going on and not forgetting what you read. To me in order to stay totally glued to the book you are reading it has to be something in your genre of choice, stuff that you like to read a lot. The things that made it difficult for me during this quarter and the books that I read was he page number in the books that I read it was almost impossible to finish the books that I had in 2 weeks. What influenced my choice in books was the type of books that I was into, I liked fictional books about street life family’s that have had it all and in the end, End up with nothing at all. Part B; Reading Rate : The total of pages that I have read over the total 8 weeks that we’ve been in school is 1151 pages, the number of pages that I averaged over a weekly reading rate was 143 pages. In my opinion my average weekly reading rate to me is pretty good to me knowing that my books had so many pages. I believe that my reading habits have improved over time from my first book until now. My homework of 2 hours of reading per week has grown a bit since I began reading the book I am on now , a plan of improvement is definitely needed if I want to reach the goal of 25 books before I graduate, My plan is to try harder on finding books that attract my attention. Part C; Thematic Reflections: One theme that I pondered while reading the â€Å"Coldest Winter Ever By Sister Souljah†Was Money is the route of all evil, I think that this is one of my themes because it shows that you can do a lot with money as far as making it, how you make it or get it or whether you can prove how you earned it, the family in my book had it all until they got busted for spending too much money at once. They were being followed all the time whether they moved or not did not matter because the police would always know where they were, The other theme that caught my attention in the book â€Å"The Skin I’m In By Sharon G. Flake†is Don’t judge a book by its cover I chose this theme because no matter what Malika did someone was always judging her. No one ever tried to get to know her they were all just mean to her off back, bullying her. And she was the sweetest girl. Part D; Set Goals: The goals I would like to set is reading more books and not being lazy but just getting it done, with no distractions, another thing I would like to do is find more books like the books that I’ve been reading.
Sunday, July 21, 2019
Natural Rights Theory
Natural Rights Theory Natural rights are perceived as the inherent and original rights of human nature, which equally belong to all men without exception, and which are possessed solely because of their human condition. They are held to stem from a concept of natural law, whatever definition may be attributed to the term. The theory of natural law and natural rights of man is, however, an obscure one. It seems a strange law, which is unwritten, has never been enacted, may even be observed without penalty, and imposes peculiar rights which are entitled prior to all specific claims within an organised society. It may be just an example of social mythology, but such an idea is still intriguing. For, to disregard it completely is to deny all its evident psychological, political and legal effects, and to adopt it fully is to be blind to mans own imperfections. That men are entitled to make certain claims by virtue simply of their common humanity has been equally passionately defended and vehemently den ied.[ [1] ] H. L. A. Hart once asserted that if there are any moral rights at all, it follows that there is at least one natural right, the equal right of all men to be free.[ [2] ] And the proposition that all men have natural rights or rights as human beings is found explicitly in the theories of Thomas Aquinas and John Locke, implicitly in the moral and political philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and at least problematic in the writings of Thomas Hobbes. At the level of practise, it is expressed not only in the rhetoric but in the constitutional innovations of the American and French Revolutions, stating that the end in view of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptable rights of man.[ [3] ] When the ordinary citizen acts as a living and protesting individual, challenging the dictates of existing governments when and if he finds them oppressive, he is appealing to the very same values of freedom and equality among men, and in which social differe nces simply vanish, leaving the solitary individual with his essential human nature. Both conservative and socialist thinkers, however, have attempted to deny such claims, and instead assert the interests of the community as more important than those of the individual. As Karl Marx would put it, none of the so-called rights of man goes beyond egoistic man, an individual withdrawn behind his private interests and whims and separated from the community.[ [4] ] The same idea and the same controversies have dominated political debates in the twentieth century regarding governmental practises. The importance of a persons rights to individuality and freedom from interference is central to the moral and political theories of such subjectivist thinkers as J. L. Mackie and David Hume. However, by no one has the theory of natural rights ever been properly justified or denied, or at least not as it has been defined and debated. Questions are then posed as to, why people should suppose that they have natural rights independent of the laws and governments of any existing society? If, for example, the laws of a society condemn a human being to slavery, how would his claim (if any) that freedom is a natural right of man be justified? And, if it could be said that there is an essential aspect of human nature which determines mans free status, a natural law which applies to all men, something in man which governs the relations of human beings independently of the laws of all particular societies, how can such natural facts be discovered if they have never been confirmed by observation? The answer may be contained in the proposition that man uniquely possesses the powers of reason. Thus, Roman lawyers, who were not the first to discuss natural law or natural rights, but the first to posit the theory defensibly, conceived of it as an ideal or standard, not yet completely exemplified in any existing legal code, but also as a standard fixed by nature to be discovered and gradually applied by men.[ [5] ] It is a standard not created or conferred by mans voluntary action, but by nature, or God, and which all men have if they are capable of rational choice. According to Thomas Hobbes, the state of nature in which man lived before the social contract was a war of every Man against every Man,[ [6] ] a condition of internecine strife in which the life of man was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.[ [7] ] Thomas Hobbes believed that self-preservation was the great lesson of natural law and that law and government would become necessary as a means of promoting order and personal security. For each citizen to preserve his own life, he must give absolute and unconditional obedience to the law. Hobbes political theory is best understood if separate in two parts: his theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Egoism, and his theory of the Social Contract. The direction of this assessment will look exclusively to Hobbes theory of Social Contract. The social contract is used by Hobbes in defense of absolutism and is thus used to justify authoritarian government. Hobbes own goal was to rule out the legitimacy of civil rebellion and thus to eliminate the possibility of civil war, which he regarded as the greatest of evils. Hobbes informs us that we should infer the characteristics of political obligation from the intention of him that submitteth himself to his power, which is to be understood by the end for which he so submitteth.[ [8] ] The use of a social contract to construct a natural rights doctrine is articulated most fully in the writings of John Locke.[ [9] ] To Locke the state of nature that preceded the social contract was not, as conceived by Hobbes, one of brutal horror, but rather a golden age, an Eden before the Fall. In the state of nature, men have the right to freedom from interference by others and in turn a correlative duty to refrain from interfering in the life of others. However, at the same time, all men may be restrained from invading others rights, and from doing hurt to one another, the execution of the law of nature and preservation of individual natural rights is put into every mans hands, whereby everyone has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such degree, as may hinder its violation.[ [10] ] Men have an obligation to preserve to the best of their ability the life, liberty and property to which others also have natural rights, as long as his own preservation comes not in competition.[ [11] ] In moving from the state of nature to that of civil society, man carries with him the natural rights and some of the authority he had in that state of autonomy. There are certain powers, however, that man gives up in subjecting himself to civil authority. He gives up that power he had to do whatever he sees fit for the preservation of his life, since this power is to be regulated by the laws made by society. Man therefore signs a social contract, surrendering the power of punishing, which is to be so far disposed of by the legislative, as the good of society shall require. But he never surrenders his rights, and thus government is obliged to secure everyones property [liberty, life and possessions], by providing against those defects that made the state of nature so unsafe and uneasy.[ [12] ] Man did not enter society to become worse than he was before, but only to have his natural rights better secured. When social contract theorists talk of the rights which men enjoyed in the state of nature, they are in effect saying what men ought to enjoy in any society, that all men ought to be free, independent of their social condition. Words like freedom and equality represented for the advocates of natural rights what they considered to be the fundamental moral and social values, which should be realised in any society of rational citizens. These values, and hence natural rights, in the social contract, are the basis for rights embedded in the clauses of constitutions. The fundamental purpose of law is therefore considered to be the protection of individual rights. In reality, however, positive laws of society are somewhat imperfect. Until a law was enacted in order to abolish slavery, slaves ought to have been free but clearly were not. Even though man seemed to be entitled by nature to natural rights, which might be denied to him by the positive laws of existing societies, the natural law and natural rights were impotent. The Social Contract approach to natural law culminated in the writing of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. As Barker has noted: Rousseau is a Janus-like figure in the history of natural law. He turns to it and belongs to it, he turns away from it and it belongs elsewhere.[ [13] ] There are two distinct social contract theories by Rousseau. The first one is, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Men, usually referred to as the Second Discourse, and is a relation of the moral and political evolution of human beings over time, from a State of Nature to modern society. As such it contains his naturalized description of the social contract, which he sees as very problematic. The second is his normative or idealized theory of the social contract, and is meant to provide the means by which to lighten the problems that modern society has created for us, as laid out in the Second Discourse. Rousseaus idea of a state of nature is closer to Lockes than Hobbes, though without Lockes emphasis on the sanctity of property. Rousseau, the social contract is a mystical construct by which the individual merges into the community and becomes part of the general will. Preferably the people should govern themselves. But, as he acknowledged, it is unimaginable that the people should remain continually assembled to devote their time to public affairs.[ [14] ] Law is the register of general will. Government can only be tolerated so long as it accurately reflects the general will. On the other hand, Rousseau insists that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body: he will be forced to be free.[ [15] ] What Rousseau is saying is that disobedience is morally illegitimate because it constitutes a failure to discharge a moral obligation a citizen incurred when acting as a citizen. Rousseau is, however, refusing to draw a distinction be tween law and morality: the general will is the moral will of each citizen. Rousseaus social contract theories outline a single, consistent view of our moral and political situation. We are gifted with freedom and equality by nature, but our nature has been contaminated by our contingent social history. We can overcome this sleaze, however, by calling upon our free will to reconstitute ourselves politically, along strongly democratic principles, which is good for us, both individually and collectively. [ [16] ] If morality is not to be discovered but to be made, one may say that there are no real natural rights as described above by Lockes theories. Natural events cannot tell us what we ought to do until we have made certain decisions. Whether moved by reason or sentiment, or both, standards of behaviour are determined by human choice, not set by nature independently of men. And no man can have any valid rights in the absence of a society. That is not to argue in favour of the communitarian point of view that there can be no individual rights but it is to assert that human beings need one another in order to fully exercise all their rights. One may say that someone has the right to life only because someone else might have the power to kill him. For, if there were no else in the universe, there would be no need for protection, there would be no need for rights. Human beings can only vindicate their rights in relation to others, for human beings can only live in relation to others. It can thus be concluded that (human) rights are the product of social conditions, of mans general desire for harmonious relations and his instinct of self-preservation in a community of different and often conflicting interests. Hence, neither can there be no natural rights, as understood to be ordained by God, or, as many libertarians would defend, to be discovered by reason. Rather, mens own imperfections have made individual rights a natural quality of human beings. If they are thought to originate outside of human nature and interactions, natural rights are defiable; but nonetheless, in day-to-day life, we simply assume that we have these human rights. It may be a product of human imagination, and it probably is but we like to think that they are real.
Saturday, July 20, 2019
The Circularity of Life in Tess of the DUrbervilles :: Tess of the DUrbervilles
The Circularity of Life in Tess of the D'Urbervilles  Thesis: Hardy is concerned with the natural cycles of the world, and the disruption caused by convention, which usurps nature's role. He combats convention with the voice of the individual and the continuing circularity of nature. Phase the First: The Circles of Life The circularity of life is a major theme of the novel. Hardy treats it as the natural order of things. The structure of the novel reflects this reigning image of the circle at several levels. First, the use of seasons to denote the passage of time implies circularity rather than a linear world-view. Years are shown as repetitions with variations rather than as new creations. Tess herself views time in this way, as she reflects on the various recurring dates which mark events in her life. "She philosophically noted dates as they came past in the revolution of the year; the disastrous night of her undoing at Trantidge with its dark background of the Chase; also the dates of the baby's birth and death; also her own birthday; and every other day individualized by incidents in which she had taken some share. She suddenly thought one afternoon... that there was yet another date, of greater importance to her than those; that of her own death" (149). In the novel, the past and the future are merely points on the cycle which nature designs. Reveals the destructive aspect of this realization to Angel when she declares her disinclination to study history which will only tell that she is "one of a long row only... just like thousands' and thousands'" (182). Secondly, the plot itself is not only circular, but contains a myriad of smaller circles within it. The main circle of the plot is from the discovery of the D'Urberville Tombs to Tess's death. Within this circle revolve others. The life and death of Sorrow is a small circle within the larger one. Alec D'Urberville's repentance and recantation form another. Clare's and Tess's physical journeys towards and away from and back again to each other represent more circles. Hardy's consistent use of these circles in the plot reinforces their importance to the theme. The diction of the novel seems designed to forcefully remind the reader of this theme. At the start of the novel Tess and her companions dance in a circle on the gr een; at it's end, she stops to rest at Stonehenge.
The Effect of Colonialism in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essay
This essay is about the effect of Colonialism seen in the book Things Fall Apart. Through out the whole book you can see different impressions on the tribe, many other people, and the relationships between the white man and the black man.      "Does the white man understand our custom about land?" "How can he when he does not even speak our tongue? But he says that our customs are bad; and our own brothers who have taken up his religion also say that our customs are bad. How do you think we can fight when our own brothers have turned against us? The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart." (Achebe, 17) This discussion of the white man not understanding the customs and traditions, comes ever since the arrival of the colonialists, Obierika seems to voice Achebe's own thoughts on colonialism. Upset by the fact that the white men have come and completely disregarded the Igbo sense of justice, Obierika points out the impossibility of the colonialists understanding anything about the Umuofians without speaking their language. Then he points out the foolishness of belittling unfamiliar customs.             Obierika does not lay the whole blame on the white man’s side. He feels also that the Umuofians who have con...
Friday, July 19, 2019
An International comparison of funding and expenditures for education :: essays research papers
An international comparison of funding & expenditures for education (Canada, France, Japan, united states) I.     A Comparison of Educational Systems: A.     Curriculum B.     Duration of teacher training and certification programs C.     Existence of entrance/exit exams D.     Ethic homogeneity (90% of entire population from one ethnic group) E.     Age for starting school F.     Average days in a school year G.     Average minutes of instruction in a school day H.     Student achievement I.     Pupil/teacher ratios J.     Percent of schools with one or more problems II.     Where does the $ Come From? III.     Where does the $ Go? Duration of teacher training and certification programs Country          Length of training (years)          Academic Program Canada               4 (A gradual move is being made          General education at the university                towards 5 years of teacher           and 1-year of professional training                preparation)                    and instruction in curriculum and                                         teaching classes in contextual                                         dimensions. France               Primary: 4                    Primary: First three year spent in a license                Secondary: 5 or more               Program on any subject; then one year                                         Is spent on curriculum training. Secondary: first four years spent obtaining a degree in the subject to be taught; then 1-year teacher training on curriculum/instruction Japan               First class elementary and lower          First class elementary and lower secondary                Secondary certificate: 4               teachers earn a Bachelor’s degree focusing                First class upper secondary: 6          on general subjects and pedagogy                Second class elementary and          First class upper secondary: Bachelor’s                Lower secondary certificate: 2          degree with less focus on pedagogy                Second class upper secondary: 4          Plus 2 additional years of training on                                         Curriculum and instruction                                         Second class elementary and lower                                         Secondary, Second class upper secondary:                                         Four years of general studies United States     4                         Particular emphases are shaped by                               Regulations, but usually include general                               Concentration in the academic subjects                               Teachers plan to teach (if they are in                               Secondary instruction) and in pedagogy Existence of Exit/Entrance Exams Country          Existence of exit/entrance exams          Name and type of examination Canada               Yes                              Exit exams from secondary                                              School in some provinces. France               Yes                              a) Baccalaureat – Exit                                              Examination from lycee                                              (academic high schools) and                                              university entrance exams. b)     Brevet des college: non- Compulsory exam at the end Of lower secondary school Japan               Yes                              a) Entrance examination for                                              Upper secondary school; b)     Test of the National Center For University Entrance Exam (TNCUEE); and c)     Entrance exams for Individual universities United States          Yes                              SAT/ACT – University entrance                                              Examinations.                                              Minimum competence tests in                                              Some states. Other Characteristics Ethnic Homogeneity (90% of entire population from one ethnic group):      Canada – No               France – Yes          United States – No          Japan – Yes     Average age for starting school:      Canada – 6               France – 6      United States – 6          Japan – 6 Age of compulsory education:      Canada – 6 – 16          France – 6 – 16
Thursday, July 18, 2019
E-marketplace, E-mall, E-tailing Essay
There are various electronic commerce activities and mechanisms. E-Commerce Activities and Mechanisms include the following but not limited to: E-Market Place: It is an online market usually B2B where buyers and sellers exchange goods or services. EC transactions take place in the electronic equivalent of a mall called the electronic marketplace (e-marketplace). Electronic marketplaces utilize different tools (electronic shopping cart, e-catalog, fulfillment technologies, and checkout and payment mechanisms) to provide the equivalent brick and mortar shopping tools. Types of Electronic Market Places: 1. Electronic Storefronts: A single companys website where products and services are sold. Example: Walmart 2. Electronic Malls: An Online Shopping Center where many online stores are located. 3. Market Place: An Online market, usually B2B where buyers and sellers negotiate. Electronic retailing is a form of electronic commerce. E-Retailing  This type of e-commerce refers to the act of using internet by retailers to perform business activities. It covers retailing using a wide variety of technologies or media. E-Tailing  Selling of retail goods over internet. E-Tailing is short form of E-Retailing. E-tailing can be used as a synonym with business-to-consumer transaction. To keep it short, Online retailing can be referred to as E-Tailing. E-tailing has resulted in the development of e-tailware–software tools for creating catalogs and managing the business connected with doing e-tailing. A new trend is the price comparison site that can quickly compare prices from a number of different e-tailers and link you to them. Example: Bestbuy site provides a customer to select a product upto 3 or more varieties and compare them. Examples of e-tailing are Dell, Walmart, Amazon. Comparison: Following are some of the key differences between e-marketplaces, e-malls, e-tailing and physical marketplaces, malls, and retail outlets. 1.E-Marketplaces, E-Malls and E-Tailing is all about the business taking place in an online manner, nothing is physical. 2.There is a wide variety of selection available online when compared to the physical outlets or malls. More options available online. 3.Certain tools are provided to compare the prices between different products and services which lead to an easier desired selection process. 4.No need to drive to the physical location of the mall for purchases. Tools and Techniques for a successful E-Commerce presence: Tools: Few tools for successful e-commerce are listed below but are not limited to: 1. Analytics: Analytics gives the idea of the sales where they are originating from. It is not enough to know that our products and services are getting sold. We need to know how the customers are visiting our site, how the traffic is being redirected to our site and how the marketing efforts are done. Some ecommerce scripts have statistics built in or available through a plugin. Standalone packages such as Google Analytics also provide you with a way to thoroughly check your stats, and all you do is place a line of code on your site for tracking. Analytics allows you to check all of your data online. You also have access to it whether you have access to your ecommerce servers or not. 2. Accounting Software: Having the right accounting software for your ecommerce store is essential to keeping you in the black. This simplifies the book-keeping process and cuts down on the chance of human error causing issues with accurate profit and loss numbers. 3. Cross Selling: Cross selling is an easy way of exposing additional products to the customer based on their search. For example, if a customer is visiting a site to buy a phone, the site will automatically recommend the customer to also take a look other available options such as phone accessories, headphones etc. 4. Currency Converter: Dealing with international shipping is a struggle for many ecommerce site owners. When your product has mass market appeal overseas, you want to make it simple for international customers to order. A currency converter is particularly useful, whether you have it as part of your script, or as an additional tool. Planet Management, a payment processor who offers international payments, reports that ecommerce stores who use their service to offer multiple currencies increase international sales by up to 25 percent. Techniques: According to Miller (2000), Business approaches and broad range of technology tools that are used to support collaborative product definition management (cPDm) initiatives are having a tremendous impact on the ways companies operate. A major change in enterprise computing is underway as companies apply best-practice processes in combination with a wide range of technologies including product data management, collaboration, visualization, collaborative product commerce, enterprise applications integration, component supplier management, and others. The pace of improvements in cPDm-related technologies continues to accelerate, and companies use these tools to implement process change faster than ever. Whereas not long ago, companies were talking about three- and five-year plans for implementing data management systems; they now are asking what results to expect in six months or less. This represents a significant step forward in industry and a strong emerging movement that is becoming an essential element for companies to successfully compete in the 21st century (Miller, 2000). According to Shaun Ryan, CEO of site search provider SLI Systems (http://www.sli-systems.com) (NZX: SLI), the best retailers use different techniques and features to create an equivalent merchandising experience that help visitors identify brands, sales or seasonal promotions and to draw more attention to products. Shaun summarizes three primary steps – tuning, merchandising banners and reports – which can add significant value to your eCommerce efforts. Tuning rules are designed to help promote or demote specific products as the merchandiser sees fit. For example tuning rule places certain products on the top of the list where as certain products on the bottom of the list or even off the list. This way it helps the merchandiser to prioritize which products should be shown and which should be not. â€Å"Banners can be shown anywhere on the search or navigation page and can be triggered by a number of different rules. For example the banner could contain logos and other imagery associated with the keyword or facet. If someone searches for a TV or clicks on the TV category you could show a banner that displays a TV selection widget.†Reporting allows merchandisers to easily access key data about customers’ search behavior. The Top Searches report can give useful insights about the most popular keyword searches, showing you the language that your customers use and identifying some possible candidates for fine tuning or adding banners. References Turban, E., King, D., Lee, J., Liang, T. & Turban, D. (2012). Electronic Commerce: Managerial and social networks perspectives. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Miller, E. (2000). Survival Tools for an E-Commerce World. Computer-Aided Engineering, 19(6), 52. PR, N. (2013, December 5). Easy Techniques Fuel E-commerce Merchandising. PR Newswire US. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://blog.compete.com/2013/12/04/best-ecommerce-tools/ (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.yourdesignonline.com/4-tools-building-successful-ecommerce-site/
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