American Response to Revolutionary Nationalism in Asia

In the aftermath of World War II revolutionary nationalism emerged as a powerful force in Asia. As a response to this, the American foreign policy evoked three main images that identified the United States with the power it had over other states. The first image was that of a firefighter. America was seen as firefighting machinery that moved forward to put out the military and political blazes. The United States after the Second World War was seen as the missionary who came to save the souls for democracy in Asia. The last type of image that America presented was that of an accountant.As an accountant, America intervened in Asian countries to add up the balance sheets as well as warning the individuals who the economical policies considered to be unfair to the United States. The rise of nationalism in Asia was seen as the era of decolonization and a principle of self-determination. Particularly the issues that involved Japan and the World War II had exploded the myths of western supr emacy and America was ready to rebuild the tattered perception. Asia had so much contact with the western culture and their allied technology which had almost taken up the societies in the Asian states.Some factors enabled the emergence of India to become a state and to make Asia be for Asians. Perhaps it can be identified that the society propaganda together with the British labor party played a pivotal role in the enabling revolutionary nationalism that became a powerful force in Asia. The revolutionary nationalism took three major phases development where the first phase took place as early as 1885 to 1905. During this period, the Indian National Congress was mainly dominated by the moderates. During the first phase, the Indians who were taught in English had strong beliefs that the British would lead the country into self-governance.The second phase ensured after the first phase and lasted for thirteen years from 1906 to 1919. Here, the extremists emerged shaking the faith of th e Indians in Great Britain. The key architect for this swindle was the Rouwlatt Bill, the repressive methods that were adopted by the British government and the Bagh massacre which led to the death of several people as the British troops closed the only fire exit without giving any warning. The third phase was mainly characterized by the Indian father, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1920-1947.Gandhi offered to bring India out of suffering and ensured that India attained its independence. The third phase experienced a lot of transformation in the entire Asian continent when activists rose up to fight for their rights to be free. The success of Gandhi was mainly due to his six main principles which he followed during his mission and in his entire life. The truth, vegetarianism, non-violence, faith, simplicity and brahmacharya were the main principals that Gandhi lived by in his life and became a father and a man to emulate in the entire Asia.The phase marked the end of the struggles of nationalism and after the World War II, India attained independence in 1947. The purpose of America in fulfilling its roles was perceived to be invariably successful although they were played in a simultaneous manner. The United States emerged as an imperial power during the World War I and after the postwar period, the America came in posing as a missionary, accountant and more of a firefighter. The main instrument after the World War II was Bill Knowland who was one of the ten most influential members of the Congress.William F. Knowland was named as a man who hardened the United States policy towards the Asian communism. He was also recognized as a man whose convictions spoilt his mission as a leader. As it was expected, in the aftermath of the second world war, almost the entire Asia was very fragile with a number of pressures which helped move towards the order of authoritarian as that to provide the rapid economic growth directed by the state and stability. The United States provided an authoritarian order which came in the form of one party system of authoritarian.Another form of machinery was communism which was seen to be very dynamic. The mass mobilization using communism capacity combined with the skilful application of the visionary promises and the military powers resulted to a major challenge to the individuals who wished to preserve and create an open system. The American goal was in Asian continent was to set up security structure in China which could not halt any further communism expansion. The communism expansion was characterized by the rising Chinese and Soviet powers.In this effort, a major disagreement resulted whether the United States commitments should be limited to the island chain away from the extensive continent of Asia or the commitments should also involve the individual needing some assistance. At a very great cost, the United States se up a strategic balance in the Asia pacific that centered upon the bilateral ties with the ROK and Japan. The bilateral ties were also established with the Philippines as well as Thailand.This balance was greatly assisted by the split between the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. This led to a critically important liaison between the PRC and the US. The plan was also supported by the increasing economic growth of the market economies of the East Asia where Japan served as a guide and a forerunner. It may not be said that the United States succeeded in its response towards the powerful force in Asia brought by the revolutionary nationalism.As it can be seen of today, the Asian societies are facing great economic hurdles and the Americas effort to act as a missionary and accountant have not been seen to be successful. There are problems related to excessive exuberance and insufficiency in regulatory measures together with the unhealthy ties between the government and the corporate sector. These problems have been outshined by the new and complex proble m of globalization. It is expected that majority of Asian states will start the recovery process shortly with the hope of a more improved economic sector.There is one strong lesson which can be learned from the intervention of the United States into the revolutionary nationalism in Asia. The economic strategies, however successful they may look like, cannot be exhaustive and entirely good for all times. This typical scenario can be seen in Japan. At the same time, it should be recognized that the changes that are required in states go beyond the economic circles and touch deeply into the cultural spheres. Bibliography Chen Jan. 1997.The Myth of America’s Lost Chance in China: A Chine Perspective in Light of New Evidence. Diplomatic History, Vol21: 77-86 Hershberg James. 1996. The Cold War in Asia. London: DIANE Publishing Jian Chen. 2001. Mao’s China and the Cold War. University of North Carolina Press. Newman, Robert. 1961. Recognition of Communist China? A Study in A rgument. New York: Macmillan Offner, Arnold. 2002. Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War; 1945-1953. Stanford University Press

Billing System Essay

Overview of the Current State of Technology â€Å"Information is a source of learning. But unless it is organized, processed and available to the right people in a format for decision making, it is a burden not a benefit†. – William Pollard Enrolment serves as a vital part in the life of every student upon entering schools, either public or private. It gives students the impression on how the whole institute manages and manipulates the entire body. Moreover, enrolment serves as the first experience of all students by which he/she takes part in the school’s activities. The billing system is one of the major parts of an enrolment system. A billing system is a system  designed to handle time and billing tracking as well as invoicing customers for services and products. It is very essential to the enrolment process because it involves the registration of students, computation of school fees and safe keeping of records. Implementing an automated billing system will increase the productivity of employees while decreasing the labor cost because the school won’t need many employees to handle the enrolment process. It can also boost the popularity of the school because of having such technology. Most importantly, an automated billing system reduces the risks of miscomputation, recording errors and loss of records. In line with this, the proponents are proposing the development of a prototype automated billing system for Dear Jesus Montessori School to assess whether automated grading was feasible, economically viable and as accurate as the manually computing system which they are currently using. 1. 2 Background of the Study Dear Jesus Montessori School, Inc. is a private school founded by Engr. Jesus V. Garcia. It is located at 888 Old National Highway, Sto. Cristo, Pulilan, Bulacan. It offers Casa (pre-elementary), elementary and high school classes. It is a non-stock, non-profit educational institution, committed to form a Christ-centered community of disciples, serving God and his people through academic excellence, moral righteousness, dynamic leadership and social participation. DJMS envisions young men and women deeply rooted in the DJMS tradition of â€Å"All for the Glory of God† which enabling them to dedicate their time, talent and resources for the good of man and nation in the montessori method of learning. It was in the year 2002 when Dear Jesus Montessori School was founded by Engr. Garcia, a developer and businessman from Baliuag, Bulacan. In spite of being a busy man, he takes time in learning God’s word. He himself is a preacher. He has been invited in different places to conduct bible study where he generously shares his wisdom about the true God. One night, he had a dream about God. In his dream, God talked to him and asked him to build a school. In an instance, he found himself working for what the Lord has wanted. Successfully, he has finished with his work and with God’s grace; the school has been operating for ten years now. DJMS is still using a manual system for their enrolment process. From the admission of students to the payment of bills were done manually. This makes the transaction prone to errors and vulnerable to security breaches. Implementing a computer-based enrolment system will help solve or at least lessen the problems encountered during enrolment. The system will be able to make transactions easier and more accurate. It can also produce various reports that will help the administration in managing the school, thus, making DJMS one of the top schools with regards to enrolment system which can even result to increase in student enrollees. 1. 3 Statement of the Research Problem

Winning at Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Winning at Change - Essay Example The ingredients for good communication are that it needs to be direct and personal and not lean through memos; it should be correct as a precise message produces best results; euphoria is to be avoided at small achievements and the larger goal must be pursued relentlessly until realized; and the blame game must be abandoned. Change programmes should have a large spread with timeline for each segment. Within this smaller goals are easier to understand and become achievable. Effective partnerships must be built with various stakeholders first by engaging the right persons within the organisation for each job and then making strategic partnerships to cement relations with outsiders. Teamwork is essential and forming a winning team means building confidences and delegating authority. The vision is the binding force and it must be meaningful and beneficial for everyone. The intentions must be clear; ambitious but practical. Conflicts between stakeholders must be resolved through give and take, keeping the vision in mind. An organisation has leaders at all levels and each one performs the universal task of explaining the vision and encouraging others to step up their efforts in achieving them. Leadership is critical in change management and a leader is dynamic and caring and the organisational transformation depends entirely on them. A successful transformation requires eight steps. First a hard look at ground realities of market conditions, potential crises or opportunities will establish the need and the urgency for transformation. Secondly, forging coalitions or partnerships and encouraging teamwork to ensure smooth functioning. Thirdly, a clear vision is required to create motives and strategies. Fourthly, the effective communication of vision through any mean is necessary to galvanize actions. Next, people must be empowered and barriers and obstacles must be removed; thinking out of the box

Once We Were Not Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Once We Were Not - Essay Example The author suggests that fossils directs to the fact that most of successful animals shared somewhat similar biological history. But the homosapiens ability to compete and evolve has made it is single species to exist today in the world. The co – existing of different homosapiens and neanderthalensis have co –existed before but the latter has vanished from earth due to evolution.Homosapiens like Australopith form Australis, Ardipithecusramidus from Ethiopia andAustralopithecus anamensis from Kenya all have existed on earth before millions of years. The author states that these homospaiens have ape like look and were a small brained, big faced bipedal species. The remnants from different part of the world have suggested that these have co –existed and persisted before 2.2 million years. The caves in France were occupied around 11,000 years ago by homosapiens called Cro magons. They were having lineage resemblance to the homosapiens of Africa. The author claims that Neanderthalensis in Europe were also homosapiens who existed in Europe some 30,000 years ago. They were also homoerectus in Java. The author suggests that â€Å"Black Skull† found in Northern Kenya direst that homosapiens existed on earth around 2.5 million years ago. The author points out that many types of Australopith existed millions of years ago. However the longevity of these species was only a few hundred or thousand years. But African continent was home to many types of homosapiens according to author. As per ( Tattersall 1-7)â€Å"Nevertheless, even if average species longevity was only a few hundred thousand years, it is clear that from the very beginning the continent of Africa was at least periodically—and most likely continually—host to multiple kinds of hominids† The author claims that the earlyhomosapiens had a different form rather than newer ones. They shared same landscape and same continent. These hominoids have also reached China

Introduction to Forensic Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Introduction to Forensic Archaeology - Essay Example To succeed, the archaeological techniques used had to meet the requirements of forensic exhumation. The Sri Lankan and the Rwandese cases are just a few of the cases in which the importance of archaeological methods in mass grave excavation and exhumation are confirmed. It is clearly evident that forensic investigations of mass graves largely benefits from archaeology and soil studies (Aldenderfer & Maschner, 1996). Archaeological knowledge has been identified to be particularly useful in the identification and location of mass graves as well as in the collection of human remains (Lieberman, 1991). In all these processes, keenness is highly valued so that artifacts are clearly collected and recorded without damages (Barker, 1993). Essentially, forensic archaeology refers to the use of archaeological tools, methods and techniques in identifying, gathering, synthesizing and analysing evidences for legal and investigation purposes (Connor, 2007). In most cases, archaeologists are hired to help investigators identify potential or suspected mass graves. In this identification of mass grave sites, geophysical and geological techniques are often applied in the assessing, documenting, mapping of scenes, excavation of artefacts and remains and in the reporting of findings (Gifford-Gonzalez, 1985). The key targeted areas in which forensic archaeology is applied include clandestine burial sites and buried artefacts, which help be useful in criminal investigations (Canter, 1994). These items could be victims’ personal belongings or murder weapons (Westman, 1994). There are several detection and excavation techniques that forensic archaeology applies in locating burial mass graves and other sites of interest (Hunte r & Cox, 2005). There are two main reasons mass grave excavation is normally done; to provide information for human rights work and for forensic medico-legal investigations (Pedeli

Enhancing the Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Enhancing the Marketing Plan - Essay Example Further, the macro environmental factors will also be considered in the paper to understand the significant trend which can impact on the business of the company. Company’s Competitor Geno's Sports Apparel deals in athletic footwear and apparel products and seeks to achieve higher sales and good brand reputation. The athletic footwear and apparel industry is considered as highly competitive as there are several big players in the market where Geno’s Sports Apparel operates. The major competitor of Geno’s Sports Apparel in terms of athletic footwear products is Finish Line which operates in the similar marketing segment. Besides Finish Line, Geno’s Sports Apparel also faces a direct competition from other athletic goods providing organizations such as Payless ShoeSource, Dick’s Sporting Goods among others. The major strengths of Finish Line, one of the biggest competitors is the ability to understand the preferences of customers and act accordingly. Thus, the company offers coupons and discounts to the customers to increase sales. Finish line is much concerned about promoting latest products to the customers. The major weakness of Finish Line has been the number of retail outlets. The number of stores of Finish Line is less which creates difficulty for the company to distribute products effectively. Besides, providing newest products can also cost more and are inefficient in this business environment as many customers can concentrate on saving money and purchasing inexpensive products due to economic downturn (Sweeney, 2009). The other competitors named Payless ShoeSource have good geographic location which provides the company a competitive advantage. Its business is expanded in almost 50 counties within the international market. Payless ShoeSource has great financial strength which helps to spread the business globally. Besides, the sales in women’s shoe category are strong and the company has also strong position in t he market of the USA. The major weakness of Payless ShoeSource is higher fixed cost which led to lower profit margin. Furthermore, the company experienced huge amount of loss due to surplus inventory. The business of Payless ShoeSource is highly reliant on third party producers which make the company much vulnerable to survive in the competitive market (Cullin, 2007). Differentiation of Products Differentiation is necessary in order to improve the business and develop a unique brand identity. The main differentiation of Geno’s Sports Apparel with respect to the other competitors is the innovative marketing strategy. Geno’s Sports Apparel will provide tailored retailing programs and develop exclusive store atmosphere which replicates a distinct retailing style than other rivals. The effective enactment of this strategy helps the company to increase the customer base and preserve brand reliability. Geno’s Sports Apparel can also differentiates the brand from close st competitor Finish Line through providing customers with ranges of athletic attires which are designed according to their requirement. The company needs to offer focused collection of sports equipments to the customers which is the other differentiating factor (Sweeney, 2009). Through the advanced marketing communication strategies, such as implementing good customer service model, Geno’

Science and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Science and Religion - Essay Example Also, through analyzing scientific evidences in comparison with religious dogma, this paper will present balance examination without prejudice for the purpose of finding out the truth. Both science and religion are important aspects of human lives. Consideration of this important issue will surely help individuals to see the relevance and implications in our lives to attain a more meaningful life. The conflict between religion and science had traveled a long way in the field of human history. Way back in the era when the church strongly believed the dogma disseminated by ancient philosophers that the sun and all the planets were revolving around the earth. A religious enmity aroused when Copernicus introduced the concept of heliocentric system, wherein the sun was the central point and all the planets and heavenly bodies were revolving around it. The conflict clashed when a more aggressive Astronomer in the person of Galileo Galilei supported the Copernican theory after he discovered the telescope and thereby pronounced guilty and sentenced by the Pope into a house arrest spending the last eight years of his life (Zoledziowski, 1993). Many people believe that Galileo’s stance has left an indelible mark as a great triumph of science over religion. The effects of heated controversy between science and religion are still being felt today. Since then, many strongly believed that science and religion became mortal enemies and hopelessly incompatible. Over the centuries, scientifically inclined persons have been alienated from religion because they presumed that religion would be an inherent threat to scientific progress. On the other side, religious persons tend to believe that science induces destruction of faith because scientists’ misinterpretation of facts undermines the beliefs of the pious. Such one is William Provine’s, interpretation of Darwin’s theory of evolution. Provine is a professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution ary Biology at the distinguished Cornell University, As Butt (2005) noted Provine’s interpretation in his keynote address that Darwin’s naturalistic evolution is perfectly understood that one of the clear consequence of this theory is considering life has no ultimate meaning. If life is a product of evolution rather than by creation of an intelligent designer, therefore, life’s existence has no definite purpose. In modern history, it appears that the basic idea of the conflict of science and religion is about the assessment of the universe and its laws, and the very existence of life. While the religious groups strongly believe that life and the universe are created by a superpower deity, or deities, some scientists intensely deny this belief because they reject the idea of miracles, and they bluntly assert that all the laws that govern the universe and the very existence of life on earth can be expounded by logical analysis, as well as denying the divine interv ention. By defining the words religion and science we may seemingly understand why the conflict arises. Obviously, the definition presents two different notions originating from different aspects of human behaviors. Religion is basically related to faith, especially faith on a superpower deity that created all things though not beheld. On the other hand, science is the methodical study of forces, nature and its development, origin of species, wherein conclusive assumptions must be based on analysis of evidence rather than intervention of divine forces. But noticeably, while science is precise in translating the things that surround us, beyond the capacity of science is unearthing of matters related to morality and spiritual meaning

Love in A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner Essay

Love in A Rose For Emily by William Faulkner - Essay Example In â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† William Faulkner has portrayed the fact that the way in which an individual loves and expresses her love is dependent upon the way that he has been socially trained and brought up. Emily Grierson was raised by her father as her mother had passed away. He isolated her from the society and the people of their town. He brought her up in his own way. He was a proud man who believed that he was superior to all the men in the town and did not interact and socialize much with them. He instilled these qualities of arrogance and proudness in his daughter as well. Such was his thought of superiority that he turned down all the proposals that came for Emily. This is explained by Faulkner when he writes, â€Å"People in our town, remembering how old lady Wyatt, her great-aunt, had gone completely crazy at last, believed that the Griersons held themselves a little too high for what they really were. None of the young men were quite good enough for Miss Emily an d such.† This environment in which Emily was brought up affected her emotions and the way in which she expressed her emotions of love. She was proud and lived her life as per her own rules. When the city authorities came to her house, â€Å"She did not ask them to sit. ... She says, "I received a paper, yes," Miss Emily said. "Perhaps he considers himself the sheriff. . . . I have no taxes in Jefferson." This quality of considering herself to be superior above the other figures in the town was given to her by her father and she did consider the people of the town to be of importance in front of her. Emily was greatly attached to her father and his loss shattered her. She deeply loved him but her detachment from the society and her limited social environment prevented her from expressing her love for her father in a proper way. When the people from the town came to share her grief following her father’s death, â€Å"She told them that her father was not dead. She did that for three days, with the ministers calling on her, and the doctors, trying to persuade her to let them dispose of the body.† She did not allow the burial of her father and it was through forceful means that she finally gave in and allowed for his burial after three days. She wanted to be with her father and it was difficult for her to accept the fact that the person that she loved was no more with her. Emily did love her father but she was unaware of social norms and the ways in which she was supposed to communicate her love. Every individual wishes to keep their loved one safe and wants to be with the person that they love. It is through the experiences in the life of a person that he learns when it is truly the time to let go of your loved one. Emily loved but she lacked these qualities of showing her love and it was because of this that she could not understand the fact that her father was dead and she had to let go of him. Like

Google's Strategy in 2012 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Google's Strategy in 2012 - Case Study Example This research will begin with the statement that legal actions that are against Google have mainly originated from infringement as well as other issues that are associated with copyrights. Nonetheless, the concept of privacy in the internet world is progressively becoming unmanageable and ability that Google has of recording the habits of internet users and broadcasting the information to the people on the internet has to lead to the calls for new laws that are more stringent. The external macro economic environment that Google exists in encompasses all the outside firms and forces, which have a possible interest or effect on the ability that the firm has to achieve its goals. Despite the fact that Google is an online business, macroeconomics factors greatly affect the broadcast of the company in several regions such as China, which has restricted the use of Google and in some cases unavailable. Google has enjoyed freedom from government interferences since it was established in 1998 since it does not fall under one government jurisdiction. The software that Google utilizes is proprietary and is only restricted by particular court orders in various countries. However, this might change in the days to come with the introduction of a Federal Internet Sales Tax Law in the United States. The fact that Google has already established a brand name that the users have been able to trust is one of the strengths of the associated with the company. The services offered by this company are dependable, reliable and relatively fast compared to other search engines.

History of Leadership Theory Essay Example for Free

History of Leadership Theory Essay The history of leadership theory can assist managers in understanding where the schools of leadership thought have been, and where leadership will be going. The key objective of this paper is to critically compare and contrast the historical leadership model and theories across history. Across the history of leadership, there are similar and divergent strategies that have matched the influence of the market and people operating within the market (or industry). The essay examines the roles and strategy of historical leadership models as they converge or diverge with one another. Roles are the expectations of leadership behaviour; this is the ideals in which the organization and employees hold to be important in a leader. Strategy can be defined, for the purposes of this paper, as the manner in which the leader assesses and organizes the tasks and requirements of the tasks and behaviours throughout the interactions and roles of the leader or manager. Theories of Leadership The following section explores the historical theories and implications of leadership as pre-classical, classical, modern and post-modern leadership models. Pre-Classical The most prominent pre-classical models of leadership were in the early Greek history, where early scholars set the value-based ideals for centuries of leadership and management (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006). Socrates established that â€Å"[the] management of private concerns differs from that of public concerns only inmagnitude neither can be carried on without men and those who understand how to employ [others] are successful directors of private and public concerns, and those who do not understand, will err in the management of both† (Wren p 18 2006). This shows the early role of management was to understand the functional variances and magnitude of public concern, thus business was also a political landscape. In later Greek history, Aristotle added to the strategy spectrum of the manager as relating to the specialization of labor, functional roles of departments, choices between centralization and decentralization, the whole of the organization is superior to the part; and, â€Å"On leadership: ‘He who has never learned to obey cannot be a good commander’† (Wren p 18-192006). Thus the roles of pre-classical era management are relative to the ability to navigate through a highly political economy and direct the organization to answering public and private concerns (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006). The strategy of the pre-classical era was to recognize the steps involved in the entire scope of the organization based on functionality. This was an effective method of management in the pre-classical era, and can be considered in line with the ideal service industries of the time, such as bath houses, shoe and boot makers, weapons makers, and others. Classical  Adam Smith showed that the leadership strategy â€Å"treated the return or the surplus created as a return to capital† (Wren p 42 2006). After Smith, Jean Baptiste Say (1767–1832) stated that leadership strategy requires knowledge and judgement in â€Å" the probable amount of the demand, and the means of its production: at one time he must employ a great number of hands; at another, buy or order the raw material, collect laborers, find consumers, and give at all times a rigid attention to order and economy; in a word, he must possess the art of superintendence and administration† (Wren p 42-43 2006). Thus the leadership role in the classical era is defined as one that is highly dependent on the decision making process, and that the strategy incorporates demand, production, and consumption through the entire market-industry domain. During this era, human history was entering the industrial phase, where industry was overpopulating the market rather than the traditional farmer markets (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006). The classical model recognized the effectiveness of a leader as one who must focus on value-based decision makings when information is not whole, when the industry and foundation of the economy is changing, and be able to administrate in a changing economy (Martinze and Bitici p 7 2006) Modern Modern era leadership evolved through the industrial phase, prompted by technology and the early globalizing aspect of the value chain that existed during the post-WW2 era (Martinez and Bitici p 7 2006). The role formulation of leadership in the modern era can be attributed to Jennings (196) who showed the modern era of management should encompass the situation, behaviour, and incorporate situation-based theory models. Jenning’s leader was emphatically described as a hero who â€Å"acts as though possessed by a destiny that requires his being the center of attention, and having arrived there, he never willingly retires from the center until he feels no longer needed† where the strategy â€Å"requires great stamina, self-reliance, and confidence† (Jennings p 96, 122, 1960). Max Weber initialized the modern strategy of leadership as being: †¢ A continuous organisation or functions bounded by rules (Enock p 6 2002) †¢ That individuals functioned within the limits of the specialisation of the work (Enock p 6 2002) †¢ The degree of authority allocated and the rules governing the exercise of Authority (Enock p 6 2002) †¢ A hierarchical structure of offices appointment to offices made on the grounds of technical competence only (Enock p 6 2002) †¢ The separation of officials from the ownership of the organisation (Enock p 6 2002) The authority was vested in the official positions and not in the personalities that held these posts (Enock p 6 2002) †¢ Rules, decisions and actions were formulated and recorded in writing (Enock p 6 2002) The modern era leader’s role was to serve the organization, and the strategy employed was hierarchical, top-down management. This was adequate for its time, however, the bureaucratic model of organizational leadership did little to promote a value and knowledge based leadership era seen in other theories. Post Modern The post-modern era of leadership is the current theories in place. Entrepreneurial leadership is a formal process that incorporates informal ideas. The leadership qualities are often determined by a number of forces, such as â€Å"The size of the organization, its predominant management styles, the complexity of its environment, its production process, its problems, and the purpose of its planning system all play a part in determining the appropriate degree of formality† (Pearce and Robinson p 13 2004). The effective post-modern leadership strategy focuses on four key points, as outlined by Kouzes and Posner (2002): seize the initiative; make challenges meaningful; innovate and create; look outward for fresh ideas. A post-modern leader values entrepreneur ideals and seizes the initiative through enthusiasm, determination and desire (Kouzes and Posner p 170 2002). The leader wants to exhibit innovation by seeking new ways and new opportunities through invention and motivation. The concept of innovation requires that the leader be ready to focus on opportunities for ways to do what has never been done (Kouzes and Posner p 175 2002). Conclusion The pre-classical era focused on the implementation of public and private beuaracracy into the leadership domain, where the ideals of the ‘whole’ and the ability to command were held in the higher regard as traditional utility. The value of the leader was therefore based on the ability to command and conquer. In later classical theories, the value of leadership changed to incorporate decision-making strategy and value distribution over commanding, but the similarity to pre-classical is the ability to conquer through administration. The modern eras changed the role of a leader from the earlier theories by incorporating behaviour theory over command and conquer ideals. Weber’s leadership model parallels Aristotle’s, in that individual specialization and decision based decentralization better served the organization. The post-modern era of leadership incorporates elements from all the historical theories of leadership, but marks the importance of continuous improvement and constant appraisal, communication, and informalities.

Mulligan Vs Maitland Talar Glide Health And Social Care Essay

Mulligan Vs Maitland Talar Glide Health And Social Care Essay Does Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide is effective in improving dorsiflexion in subjects with acute ankle inversion sprain than Maitlands anterior-to-posterior talar glide mobilization. Design: Experimental, Comparative, Randomized Controlled Trail-single blinded study. Participants: 90 samples with acute ankle inversion sprain diagnosed by radiologist through X-Ray imaging will be collected with convenience sampling. Intervention: Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria subjects randomly allocated to 3 groups of intervention- Group I Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide along with RICE, Group II Maitlands anterior-to-posterior talar glide along with RICE, Group III RICE (control group) for 2 weeks. Outcome Measures: Pre and Post session, measurement of dorsiflexion range of motion will be taken with Modified Lidcombe templates. Duration: The expected duration of study is considered 8months for ethical clearance, data collection and analysis, editing and publis hing. Budget: An estimation of Rs 30,000 is made including the investigation, instruments, materials and refreshments. BACKGROUND Ankle is a complex joint which is categorized as a hinge joint. It is one of the important component for ambulation in humans. Ankle sprains are one of the commonest injuries in athletics. It accounts for 20% of all sports injuries (Bergfeld J; 2004).In India, incidence rate of ankle sprain accounts for 0.31% of the population and the chances of re-injury is seen as high as 78-80% despite the continued research in this field (Statistics for ankle sprain; 2003). The pathomechanics for ankle inversion injury is inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle joint. There is loss of dorsiflexion and inversion range of motion which is attributed to pain and swelling (Denegar CR et al; 2002), (Collins et al; 2004).According to Denegar C et al (2002) the loss of dorsiflexion range of motion is due to restriction of posterior talar glide. This suggests that in an acute ankle inversion sprain the loss of dorsiflexion range of motion could be due to mechanical dysfunction in talocrural joint. The conventional treatment for acute ankle sprain is RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation).The main aim of conventional treatment (RICE) is primarily to reduce pain and inflammation (Starkey JA; 1976), (Slatyer MA et al; 1997). The conventional treatment (RICE) with early movement is found to be more effective for reducing pain, swelling and improving mobility (Dettori et al; 1994). Because of the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment for treating the positional dysfunction caused due to acute ankle inversion injury the joint becomes more susceptible to injury (Hertel J et al, 1999). Manual Therapy focuses on reduction of pain and correction of the postural and movement dysfunction due to ankle sprain. According to Maitland grades of mobilization grade I and II mobilization is used in acute condition and grade II mobilization is seem effective in reducing pain and improving dorsiflexion range of movement in acute musculoskeletal conditions. Maitland grades of mobilization improves the ankle dorsiflexion in acute ankle inversion sprain (Green et al; 2001) and reduces pain by modulation of nervous tissue (Vincenzino B et al; 1998). According to Maitland GD (1986), passive joint mobilization improves the range of movement by gentle oscillatory movement of the articular surfaces that creates movement of the mobile segments by a means other than the muscles .According to Collins et al (2004), Mulligans mobilization with movement technique is effective in reducing pain and improves dorsiflexion of ankle joint. A single case study done by O Brien, B.Vincenzino (1998) sh owed that Mulligan Mobilization with movement technique on acute ankle sprain improved the range of movement (dorsiflexion and inversion), functional outcome and reduced the pain. According to pilot study conducted by John-Mark Chesney, Erin Morris, Mulligans mobilization with movement technique and taping had significant effect on temporal and spatial parameters of gait. Immediate decrease in pain and an early return to function are claimed to be result of Mulligans mobilization with movement Mulligan 1995; Vincenzino Wright 1995; Hetherington 1996). However, the lack of adequate evidence in literature for the effectiveness of Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide with movement technique in acute ankle inversion sprain failed to prove its clinical and statistical significance in research methods. The above literature also shows lack of studies done to compare the effects of Maitland and Mulligan mobilization technique in treatment of acute ankle inversion sprain. Hence, the aim of the study is to find the immediate effect of Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar mobilization with movement technique in acute ankle inversion sprain with RICE and compare the results with that of Maitland anterior-to-posterior talar glide mobilization with RICE for treatment of acute ankle inversion sprain. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Ankle joint is a complex joint due to its articular, ligamentous and tendinous anatomy. The anterior talofibular ligament restricts anterior translation and internal rotation of talus inside the mortise. The coupled motion during plantar flexion happens as internal rotation and anterior translation of talus aided by deltoid ligament. The calcaneofibular ligament restricts inversion of the talocrural and subtalar joint. The posterior talofibular ligament restricts inversion and internal rotation after calcaneofibular ligament and anterior talofibular ligament undergo injury. According to Konradsen and Voight (2002) an inversion torque was produced on loading a cadaveric leg, when the unloaded foot was positioned in 30 degree inversion, full plantar flexion and 10 degree internal tibial rotation. The collision with 20 degree inverted foot in swing phase follow through forced the foot into full limit of inversion, plantar flexion and internal tibial rotation. According to Denegar CR et al (2002) in normal biomechanics the instantaneous axis of rotation of talocrural joint translates posteriorly during dorsiflexion, but in anterior malaligned talus or with restricted posterior talar glide the axis of rotation is shifted anteriorly leading to joint dysfunction. According to Baumhauer JF et al (1995) previous history of sprain, limited range of motion and reduced dorsiflexor and plantar flexor strength ratio, elevated eversion to inversion ratio have been attributed to predisposing to inversion injury. According to Eren OT et al (2003) high malleolar index (posteriorly positioned fibula) is attributed to predisposing factor to sprain. Average malleolar index was +11.5 degree in subjects with ankle sprain and +5.85 degree in normal controls. Green T in 2001 used a Modified Lidcombe Template to measure the pain free dorsiflexion range of motion occurring in talocrural joint. The template consisted of 2 boards joined by an adjustable hinge. One board served as a footplate and other was placed under the subjects calf. The adjustable hinge served as the axis of rotation of template in vertical plane and the board placed under the subjects calf allowed for adjustment in horizontal plane. The measurement was standardized by measuring both force applied and the angle of dorsiflexion at which the subject first experienced the pain (Matyas T, Bach T; 1985). The force applied was standardized throughout the trail by spring balance and the direction of force was standardized by spirit level attached to the spring. The device showed high intrarater and interrater reliability of which 29% were in exact agreement and 84.5% were within 2 degrees, ICC=0.94. The conventional management of ankle sprain is RICE in acute stage of injury. The functional treatment procedures with early initiation of weight bearing as tolerated, early mobilization, proprioceptive training, balance training has been advocated to provide early functional rehabilitation to subjects. According to Bahr R (2004) and Bruce Beynnon B, (2004) the management of sprain concentrates on static and dynamic stability, gaining normal ankle range of motion, optimal strength of peroneal, dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, and invertor muscles of ankle and retraining ankle strategy. According to Kerkhoffs et al (2002) functional treatment is superior to immobilization and surgical intervention in areas of pain on activity, quality of performance on return to sport/work, objectives instability on x-ray views and patient satisfaction. Manual therapy in ankle inversion sprain Maitlands Mobilization Green et al (2001) conducted a randomized controlled trial of passive accessory joint mobilization on acute ankle inversion sprain. The study included 38 subjects with acute ankle inversion sprain( Elizabeth L et al (2008) conducted a study in which 10 subjects were taken with immobilized ankle for at least 14 days and presented with at least 5 degree of dorsiflexion deficit compared to contralateral ankle. A crossover design was employed and subjects received Maitlands grade 3 mobilization in one group and control intervention (no treatment) in other group. Results showed that joint mobilization led to a reduction in pain and improvements in pain-free dorsiflexion. Mulligan mobilization with movement technique Collins et al (2004) conducted a double-blinded randomized controlled trial with a crossover design approach. In this study 14 subjects with grade 2 ankle sprain were taken. The dorsiflexion in weight-bearing and thermal pain threshold were calculated. All the subjects undergo 3 treatment conditions-Mulligans mobilization with movement technique for dorsiflexion, placebo group and control group (no treatment).Results showed that the talar anterior-to-posterior glide improved the recovery rate in treatment with Mulligans mobilization with movement technique. The study conducted by Collins N was done on subjects with sub acute ankle sprain. T OBrien, B.Vincenzino (1998) conducted a single case study to investigate the effects of Mulligans with movement technique mobilization for acute lateral ankle sprain. The technique used in this study was posterior glide to distal fibular while patient actively inverted the ankle. In the study 2 subjects with acute ankle sprain were used to control for natural resolution of ankle sprain. Subject I underwent ABAC protocol while subject II BABAC protocol where A was no treatment phase B was treatment phase and C was post treatment return to sport phase. The outcome measures Modified Kaikkonen test functional outcome, VAS for pain and range of dorsiflexion and inversion were measured pre and post of each intervention session. Results showed rapid improvement of range of motion (inversion and dorsiflexion) and immediate decrease in pain. Hence from the above studies we can infer that anterior-to-posterior talar glide technique in both Maitland and Mulligan mobilization is effective in treating ankle inversion sprain than the RICE protocol alone. The above studies also infer that Maitlands grades of mobilization is significantly effective in improving dorsiflexion range in acute ankle sprain. However, Mulligans mobilization had shown effective results in treating ankle sprain in subacute condition. The study done by T OBrien, B.Vincenzino (1998) shows the effectiveness of Mulligans mobilization with movement technique in improving dorsiflexion range of motion in acute ankle sprain but the study design leads to limitation of generalization of its findings. However, it does provide the knowledge to conduct a random clinical trail in utility of Mulligans mobilization with movement technique in the treatment of acute ankle inversion sprain and to compare the results with Maitlands grades of mobilization to find the best e ffective treatment method for improving the recovery rate in acute ankle inversion sprain. IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL QUESTION Does Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide is effective in improving dorsiflexion in subjects with acute ankle inversion sprain than Maitlands anterior-to-posterior talar glide mobilization. ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide is effective than Maitlands grades of mobilization in improving dorsiflexion range of motion in subjects with acute ankle inversion sprain. NULL HYPOTHESIS Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide is not effective than Maitlands grades of mobilization in improving dorsiflexion range of motion in subjects with acute ankle inversion sprain. METHODOLOGY Design An Experimental, Comparative, Randomized Controlled Trail design. The study will be single blinded to avoid any possible bias. The subjects will be allocated to 3 group of interventions-Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide with movement technique with RICE, Maitlands anterior-to-posterior talar glide mobilization with RICE, and third group RICE alone .Outcome measure will measure the degree of dorsiflexion pre and post to each session which will be measured by the assessor blinded to the allocation of subjects to the groups. Subjects The study will be conducted by recruiting 90 samples through convenience sampling by giving advertisements and notices to orthopaedic and physiotherapy department in MS Ramaiah Memorial hospital and the hospitals nearby its surrounding areas. The subjects recruited will be diagnosed for acute ankle inversion sprain and referred by radiologist through X-Ray imaging. To maintain the homogeneity of the groups all the subjects will be recruited based on Inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria-All subjects of age group 20-30years of age, History of ankle inversion injury with pain over lateral aspect of ankle ( ETHICAL APPROVAL The ethical approval will be taken from Ethical Board of MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital along with the permission of other hospitals near by its surroundings. Subjects will be given a copy of informed consent with the details of the study and the confidentiality of patients personnel information and data obtained after the study will be maintained. Subjects can withdraw from study at any given point of time. VENUE/LOCATION OF THE STUDY The study will be conducted in MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital Physiotherapy Department, Bangalore. A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRAIL STUDY An experimental randomized controlled trail -single blinded study will be conducted on 90 subjects with acute ankle inversion sprain. The technique of the interventions will be finalized during the study and side-effects or any error in the intervention will be noted and rectified. RESEARCH METHOD AND EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION 90 samples will be recruited by convenience sampling. The samples will be assessed for acute ankle inversion sprain by X-Ray imaging done by the radiologist in radiology department of MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital. The subjects will be randomly assigned to 3 groups by chit method. Each group will be assigned 30 subjects. The researcher who will conduct the study is a qualified physiotherapist who specializes in manual therapy. After the allocation of the group the experimental group I will receive Mulligans anterior to posterior talar glide along with active dorsiflexion of ankle which will be followed by RICE application. The mobilization will be performed in weight bearing in which the therapist applies a postero-anterior force to distal leg through a treatment belt while stabilizing the foot and talus (Mulligan; 1999).The experimental group II will receive Maitlands anterior-to-posterior talar glide (Grade II) followed by RICE application. The mobilization will be performed with subject lying supine and the ankle will be positioned over the edge of plinth with proximal hand of therapist stabilizing the distal tibia and fibula while the distal hand will mobilize the talus with posteriorly directed oscillation(Maitland;1977).Group III will receive RICE treatm ent for maximum of 2 weeks. Subjects in experimental group I and II will be treated every second day for maximum of 2 weeks. Therefore 6 sessions of treatment over 14 days will be done. Three sets of 10 repetitions will be applied with 1 minute between sets (Exelby, 1996) in both mobilization technique. Pain experienced during treatment will result in immediate cessation of technique and exclusion of the subject from study. OUTCOME MEASURES Dorsiflexion range of motion will be measured by Modified Lidcombe template. The template enabled standardized measurement of dorsiflexion range of movement. The axis of rotation of ankle was aligned with adjustable axis of rotation of template. The spring balance attached to the footplate measure the force applied in the standardized direction. A hydrogoniometer placed on the footplate measures the range of dorsiflexion in degrees. The template have a high intrarater and interrater reliability of which 29% were in exact agreement and 84.5% were within 2 degrees, ICC=0.94. Hydrogoniometer have high intraclass coefficients (0.84-0.99) which revealed high agreement between the raters (Lex D.De jong et al; 2007) RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS The dorsiflexion range of movement measured will be in degrees which represent a parametric data. The data collected pre and post of each 6 session in group I and group II will be analyzed by related t test (i.e. within the group) and unrelated t test will be done to compare between the group I and group II for dependent variable. One way ANOVA will be used for analysis of data from all the 3 groups along with Scheffe test to find the most effective group for treatment of acute ankle inversion sprain. The level of significance will be set at 0.5; the probability will be calculated based on the t value with degree of freedom table. The confidence interval will be kept to 95%. ANNEXURE PROJECT TIMELINE The overall estimated time required for the completion of the study is 8months i.e. 1 month for ethical clearance, 4 months for the randomized controlled trail, data collection and data analysis, 1 month for writing up and presenting results and 2 months for publishing results. Tasks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ethical clearance + Randomized controlled trail amend data collection tools + Data collection + + + Data analysis + + Writing up presenting results + Publishing results + + BUDGET The overall estimation of the budget is Rs30, 000 which includes X-RAY imaging Rs20, 000 (90 subjects) Modified Lidcombe Template and hydrogoniometer Rs5000 Stationary Rs1000 Transportation and refreshments Rs4000 INFORMED CONSENT Introduction This is an informed consent given to a subject who wishes to participate in research study. Please red the informed consent carefully or you can ask anyone of your relative who you trust can read this informed consent for you in your language by translating it. Please feel free to ask any questions you have about this informed consent or research study in your mind. Please sign the consent form only after you have no doubts about the research study or consent form. Do not sign the consent form under any kind of pressure. Title of Research Project Immediate effects of Mulligans anterior-to-posterior talar glide with movement technique versus Maitlands anterior-to-posterior talar glide for pain free dorsiflexion in acute ankle inversion sprain. Investigator SUMIT KIMOTHI M. Sc in Clinical Physiotherapy. Purpose Of Study Acute ankle sprain has high percentage re-injury. Mulligans mobilization with movement technique helps in improving dorsiflexion range of motion by correction of positional dysfunction of joint. This study is to find the effect of Mulligans mobilization with movement technique and compare it with effects of Maitlands grades of mobilization in treatment of acute ankle inversion sprain. Description of Study After being diagnosed with acute ankle inversion sprain you will be sent to the physiotherapy department in physiotherapy department. The researcher will explain you about the treatment technique and the study and an informed consent will be given to you based on your decision your participation will be decided. If you wish to participate a treatment technique selected for the respective group in which you will allocated will be performed on you and the assessment will be taken before and after the treatment session. The duration of treatment is 2 weeks and if there is any changes, you will be informed prior. Possible Risks or Complication The treatment technique itself has no side-effects or complication and it will be performed by a qualified physiotherapist in Manual Therapy. Treatment Alternative If the therapy is not effective to you, you will be provided with an alternative treatment with free of cost. Financial Implications All the expenses regarding the research work including the investigation, transportation, food expenses and treatment will be free of cost. Potential Benefits The study may be beneficial to society and individuals of similar condition. You can benefit by improving you condition with help of this treatment. Participation Participation in this research study is voluntary. If the participant wants to withdraw he/she can withdraw at any given point of time. CONSENT FORM I have read the foregoing information, or it has been read to me. I have had the opportunity to ask questions about it and any questions that I have asked have been answered to my satisfaction. I consent voluntarily to participate as a participant in this research and understand that I have the right to withdraw from the research at any time without in any way affecting my medical care. Name of the participant _____________________ Signature of participant _____________________ Date: _____________________ Day/month/year ___________________ If illiterate A literate witness must sign (if possible, this person should be selected by the participant and should have no connection to the research team). I have witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given consent freely. Name of witness ___________________ AND Thumb print of participant Signature of witness ___________________ Date: ______________ Day/month/year ______________ I have accurately read or witnessed the accurate reading of the consent form to the potential participant, and the individual has had the opportunity to ask questions. I confirm that the individual has given consent freely. Print Name of Researcher _________________ Signature of Researcher ___________________ Date __________ Day/month/year ____________ A copy of this Informed Consent Form has been provided to participant ____________ (initialed by the researcher/assistant) For more information contact: Sumit Kimothi M. Sc in clinical physiotherapy, MS Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bangalore. 9916261101 ASSESSMENT CHART Name : Age : Sex : Site of Disorder : Mode of Treatment : Measurement : Parameters Before Treatment After Treatment Dorsiflexion range of motion Signature of Clinician : Signature of Chief Physiotherapist :

The Woman as Muse and Begetter: Susan Barton’s “anxiety of authorship”

In their 1979 work titled The Madwoman in the Attic, Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar discuss the difficulties faced by Victorian women attempting to write in a patriarchal society. Gilbert and Gubar describe the â€Å"anxiety of authorship† experienced by female writers who thus believe they are not capable of creating a successful work. J.M. Coetzee’s 1986 novel Foe, follows its protagonist Susan Barton as she experiences such anxiety in early eighteenth century England. Barton’s anxieties as well as the society in which she lives lead her to employ the writer Daniel Foe to write the story of her experience as a castaway. Throughout her encounters with Foe, Barton describes the difficulty of writing and in one instance, asks whether there exists a muse for female writers as well as males. This question echoes that asked by Gilbert and Gubar in their examination of the differences between the experience of male and female writers. In Foe, despite the fact that Barton gives over the responsibility of writing her story, she maintains some authority and control over the way in which it is written. The most concentrated example of this is when Barton claims the role of Foe’s muse, along with that of â€Å"father† of her story. In doing so, she reverses gendered terms associated with reproduction and successfully remains an active participant in the writing of her story despite not writing it herself. One question raised by Gilbert and Gubar in â€Å"The Madwoman in the Attic† is that of the muse in relation to the female poet. Cited is Harold Bloom’s idea that sexual intercourse between the male poet and the female muse is a metaphor for the poetic process. Through this metaphorical encounter, the male poet and the female muse unite with the res... ...ished to tell, there is a sense that she has resigned herself to this fact and has attempted to remain close with her story through her sexual encounter with Foe and embodiment of the muse. That she is not the writer of her story seems to imply the failings of society rather than those of her own attempts to write it. Although Barton does not overcome the gendered ideas of who can be a writer and who cannot, her decision to take advantage of other gender roles and influence the production of her story as a muse deeply involves her in the writing process. Works Cited Coetzee, J.M. Foe. London: Penguin, 1987. Print. Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. "From The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination." The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2010. 1926-1938. Print.

Government Surveillance vs Privacy :: Security vs Privacy

Spying is nothing new to the world. History books tell us that ancient civilizations like the Roman Empire, Egypt, Chine, India, and so on used it. On top of that, 1900s regimes like the Former Soviet Union and Nazi’s Germany used spying tactics around the world wars. The main use of spying at that time mostly was for political and military advantage. These countries were successful on spying. However, in the 21st century surveillance is used in different and very complicated way. So many crimes and terrorist attacks forced governments around the world to use electronic surveillance to protect their own people. This electronic surveillance is very complicated and you don’t even know it is happening and you are the target. The US government is the main leader on this. For years the US government used eavesdropping and wire tapping to catch criminals (Landau 301). People debated on the issues, but it was left unanswered. In 2013, surveillance became the nation wide debate topic, once again after Edward Snowdon’s leakage of classified information from the NSA. From the leaked information evidence shows that NSA is surveilling millions of innocent people, illegally. Now, the US government took the use of surveillance to the next level. This level is unprecedented and unheard in human history. The government uses internet to surveil people’s private information; this got my attention and I started to search for reasons. And NSA makes only one argument when asked why they surveil. TERRORISM or CRIME. Then I asked myself; why surveil innocent people who have done absolutely nothing? In this case, I looked around some sources and decided that the government should stop surveilling people illegally. The government should find different ways to stop terrorism and crimes or they should only surveil people with history of violence. On top of that, people should also worry about big companies like Google, Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, Citibank, and so on. This is because they have also our private information like the government and there is more chances of private information leaking. Like I mentioned earlier, several things happening around us that we don’t recognize in today’s world,. One of the things is the surveillance program. When I walk around in the city I live, I see cameras installed almost outside of every apartments complex, big buildings, and so on. However, that is not what worries me the most.

Axolotl Biology Research Essay

A sexually mature adult axolotl, at age 18–24 months, ranges in length from 15–45 cm (6–18 in), although a size close to 23 cm (9 in) is most common and greater than 30 cm (12 in) is rare. Axolotls possess features typical of salamander larvae, including external gills and a caudal fin extending from behind the head to the vent. Their heads are wide, and their eyes are lidless. Their limbs are underdeveloped and possess long, thin digits. Males are identified by their swollen cloacae lined with papillae, while females are noticeable for their wider bodies full of eggs. Three pairs of external gill stalks (rami) originate behind their heads and are used to move oxygenated water. The external gill rami are lined with filaments (fimbriae) to increase surface area for gas exchange. Four gill slits lined with gill rakers are hidden underneath the external gills. Axolotls have barely visible vestigial teeth, which would have developed during metamorphosis. The primary method of feeding is by suction, during which their rakers interlock to close the gill slits. External gills are used for respiration, although buccal pumping (gulping air from the surface) may also be used in order to provide oxygen to their lungs. Axolotls have four different colours, two naturally occurring colors and two mutants. The two naturally occurring colors are â€Å"wildtype† (varying shades of brown usually with spots) and melanoid (black). The two mutant colors are leucistic (pale pink with black eyes) and albino (golden, tan or pale pink with pink eyes). mexican axolotl are able to shed their skin just like snakes. Australians and New Zealanders frequently refer to the Axolotl as the Mexican Walking Fish, though the Axolotl is not a fish but an amphibian, a salamander, part of the order Caudata/Urodela. Because it’s a salamander, it’s part of one of the three branches of class Amphibia, which also includes the frogs and toads[->0] (the Anurans[->1]), and the mainly eel-like order, Gymnophiona, which are also known as the Caecilians. The name â€Å"Axolotl† comes from the Aztec language, â€Å"Nahuatl†. One of the most popular translations of the name connects the Axolotl to the god of deformations and death, Xolotl, while the most commonly accepted translation is â€Å"water-dog† (from â€Å"atl† for water, and â€Å"xolotl†, which can also mean dog). The mexican axolotl has the ability of regenerating its body parts, so if it loses a body part it can just grow it back. it is a carnovore The Axolotl is the largest member of the family Ambystomatidae The Axolotl was originally native to Xochimilco and Chalco, two freshwater lakes south of Mexico City. Sadly, Chalco is now gone, and Xochimilco survives only as a network of canals and lagoons. These bodies of water are muddy bottomed and rich in plant and animal life.

Submit a Draft of your Definition of Character

MORALS Morals are ethics, codes, values, principles and custom of a person or society. It is the study of human behavior about what is wrong or right, good or bad. Morals are the values which establish the standard of every individual towards the society. It helps the person to develop sense of loyalty towards his responsibilities and duties. It is key to distinguish wrong person from right on the basis of behavior to others and society. They are the ideals of the person which are followed by them in their life.Some of examples of morals â€Å"are not to cheat others for illegal purpose†, â€Å"always respect elders† and â€Å"not be cruel to animals†. ETHICS: It is that branch of philosophy that is concerned with evaluation of human behavior. It is the quality or state of being of sound moral principle such as uprightness, honesty and sincerity. Ethics in general means behavior which indicates right or wrong behavior of person. It is bunch of moral values and fu ndamental principles which determines moral duties and obligation.Ethics is the study and judgment of good or bad, right or wrong etc. It determines such professional standards, commitment and fairness towards their profession or general public. It is the standard of conduct by which individual guides his own actions and judges that of others. Ethics is also used in determining public policy. For e. g. â€Å"Is getting an abortion immoral? †, â€Å"What are human rights, how do we determine them? † and â€Å"Do animals have rights as well? † INTEGRITY: Integrity refers to quality of person’s character.Integrity is a matter of persons integrating various parts of their personality into a harmonious, intact whole. Integrity helps the persons to draw line between his orders of preference. For example â€Å"An intelligent person spent his limited money on the most desired need and than on other need†. The person of sound mind, sincerity and trustworthi ness can make such intelligent decisions. The person with integrity earns more respect in respect to others as they are more effective leaders. Therefore, the people who lead their life with integrity receive more success.REFERENCEReferred to sites:- 1. http://www. google. com/search? hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enIN237IN238&defl=en&q=define:morals&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title Definitions of morals on the Web: 2. http://www. google. com/search? hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enIN237IN238&defl=en&q=define:ethics&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title Definitions of ethics on the Web: 3. http://www. google. com/search? hl=en&rlz=1T4GGLR_enIN237IN238&defl=en&q=define:integrity&sa=X&oi=glossary_definition&ct=title Definitions of integrity on the Web: Dated 31st August 2007

Analysis Of Arthur Miller’s Death Of A Salesman Essay

This American drama was first premiered in 1949. It was an instant success and it also won Arthur Miller a place among one of the best American playwrights of the 20th century. It was a satirical attack on the Great American Dream of prosperity and material wealth and had also challenged the ideals of the past 160 years that constituted such dreams. This exemplary play by Arthur Miller is a modern masterpiece, in which the inherent conditions of human existence and a fierce battle to fight through it, is lived by the protagonist Willy Loman, that finally ends in a tragedy called, death. Willy Loman is a disillusioned sixty three year old man who has trouble distinguishing between past and present, and reality and illusions. His illusory beliefs draw an iron curtain before his sensibilities and he refuses to see the reality of his abject conditions. His tragedy lies in the fierce determination to fight an impossible battle and to seek facile solutions to his severe economic problems. In his relentless pursuit of an unrealistic dream Willy Loman submerges himself in a complete disengagement from reality that brings an end even more tragic than his life. Being an irrepressible old man he never really evaluates or understands the false and incomplete values of a venal American society. He fails to understand the vacuous idea behind the ‘Great American Dream’ and his limitless hope. A similar theme had been portrayed in ‘The Great Gatsby’ (Fitzgerald) where Gatsby was corrupted by money and dishonesty, and the Great American Dream of happiness and individualism disintegrates into mere pursuit of wealth. Although Gatsby had the power to turn his dream into reality, the character of Nick discovers that both Gatsby’s dream and the American dream is over. In the same way, Will’s persistent struggle against the forces of entropy in his life leads him to neurosis, and finally suicide. Theater is an imagined world, inhabited by imaginary characters, but tragedy strikes one and all, and the nature of tragedy is to hit our deepest consciousness and invade our sensibilities with its prolonged stay. Robert A Martin says in his essay, â€Å"The Nature of Tragedy†: â€Å"What the performance of a play gives an audience is less a set of ideas, propositions or abstraction about life and how to live it than what Arthur Miller has called ‘ a felt experience’, the imaginative sharing and participation in the lives and actions of imaginary characters. † In support of what Robert A Martin says, Willy Loman’s character pulls the audience along with its chain of tragedies and leaves one with a feeling of acute distress, but more than â€Å"a felt experience† it also gives one an insight into the inherent realities of human tragedies. In â€Å"Death of a salesman† the audience watch the tragic collapse of a single individual and the tragedy of the entire family, right before their eyes. The audience leave the auditorium with a whole new set of lessons in life and as Martin says â€Å"how to live it. † In his article Robert A Martin also elaborates on the vicarious influences of a tragedy, on the person, who watching it with a detached sense of belongingness. He says, â€Å" Theatre is the art of the possible† and as we read the play we believe that Willy Loman’s tragedies are not unbelievable or fictitious although his character was an imagination of the playwright Arthur Miller. As Aristotle said that Tragedy is something that evokes the emotions of pity and fear in the presence of an action of a certain magnitude. Willy Loman also falls into the trap of tragedy and as the nature of tragedy is, it brings about a fear in him. Willy tries to run away from that fear and refuses to accept his misfortunes and his failures. It mostly happens with dramatic experiences that our thoughts and emotions often correspond with those of the characters we watch in a play –we weep, smile and get moved by their performances. It continues to stimulate and engage us directly in our social, moral and political questions. The audience too goes through an inveterate interchange of pity and fear inside his mind as he watches a human being go through a painful hell, which is in Miller’s view due to his own obduracy. â€Å"Death of a salesman† is not just a tale of tragedy that happens to a broken, exhausted man, but is also a caustic attack on the American Dream of achieving wealth and success with no regards to principals and values of life. Willy Loman became a household name after the play was released and became a profound example of a tragic life, bowed down by struggles to cope up with a capitalistic society. Willy Loman’s tragedy does not lie just in his miserable economic condition, but also in his misplaced sense of pride. In the play he takes loans from his neighbor Charley to make both ends meet, but refuses to accept the offer of a better job from him. His warped sense of pride comes in the way of his chances to improve his conditions. His refusal to accept reality is a tragedy bigger than his dismal life, and it exasperates his son Biff with whom he had a troubled relationship. Willy refused to accept that his sons are also ‘failures’ such as him, and in order to make their lives better he falls into a trap of further hopelessness. A man’s descent to failure is horrendous to contemplate. Whatever line of work you are in, we are all salesmen, selling our products, our services, our selves†. Says Will’s meighbor Charley , in a line that crystallizes the anxiety of uncountable men everywhere, not just in America: â€Å" And when they start not smiling back. † –employers, partners, customers- â€Å" That’s an earthqauke. † ( Kilnghoffer, Undying Salesman, 1999). Willy Loman suffered from a feverish and unrealistic hopefulness and guilt of having failed his sons, and also the refusal to accept certain facts of life. The neurosis that set in him affected his life, and also him led to suicide. His death was perhaps a bigger tragedy than his life because it proved to be the final blow to the grief stricken family. Due to his persistent stubbornness he believed the notion that one is often â€Å"worth more dead than alive† (Miller, Pg76) and commits suicide, so that his family gets the insurance money and his sons lead a better life with that money, than he did when he was alive. Willy did not realize that insurance money is invalidated when a person commits suicide. As Biff says at the graveyard, â€Å" He had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong. † In this play tragedy is on two fronts. One is ‘literal’, when Willy dies after an unrelenting wrestle with his fate, and another is a ‘symbolical’ death, that was the death of the American Dream, or ridding of a false notion of perfection. Willy’s guilt, his idolization of his sons and his constantly haunting memory of his brother turns his life into a pitiful tragedy and he lives through it all with an immature sense of unreality. In trying to project himself as an ideal father and salesman he plunges himself into an illusory world where he never really grew up. â€Å"I’m gonna show you and everybody else that Willy Loman did not die in vain. He had a good dream. It’s the only dream you can have- to come out number –one man. He fought it out here, and this is where I’m gonna win it for him. † (Miller, Death of a Salesman, Act2) The misfortune of Willy was that he tried to retrieve his lost dignity and his family’s love and also a magnified image of himself as an ideal salesman and father, on the last day of his life, and loses all. His complete disengagement from reality is what the tragedy is all about. It evokes the pity and fear that Aristotle spoke about in ‘Poetics’ (330 BC). The character of Willy Loman is befitting the concepts of Aristotle’s’ Tragedy. â€Å"True to life† (realistic), â€Å"consistency† (true to themselves): meaning, once a character’s motivation and personality are established these should continue throughout the play. â€Å"Necessary or probable†: meaning, characters must be logically constructed according to the law of ‘probability or necessity’ that govern the actions of the play. Finally, â€Å"true to life† and yet more beautiful (idealized, ennobled). Death of a Salesman has that true to life aspect, depicting the fact that any middle class man with limited means, would get into the delusionary world of dreams and aspirations of more wealth and the terrifying darkness that lies coiled beneath such unrealism. Consistency of the portrayal is apparent in Loman’s relentless pursuit of an elusive life. The necessary probability is the fact that such a dogged belief in illusionary world nearly always creates a graph of downward slide in a person’s life. True to life, is the condition of tension that is life and human existence. Death of a Salesman is a modern masterpiece that celebrates, as Chris Bigsby expressively states, â€Å" the miracle of human life, in all its bewilderments, its betrayals, its denials, but finally and most significantly, its transcendent worth. † (Poet, 723).

Miss Furr and Miss Skeene

â€Å"Miss Furr and Miss Skeene† The study of creative works by way of exploiting diverse writing skills has contributed to the field of art becoming more fascinating, although, to some extent, mechanical and mystifying. The literal skills employed, in quite a number of cases, are in allegorical fashion in order to obscure the profound connotation of the inventive piece and reactions of the artist. Numerous artists have brought into the play the usage of such literal skills. These techniques are frequently seen in the modern day artistic works.Nevertheless, quite a good number of booklovers are exposed to complications in understanding these masterpieces. This has brought a lot of insights to the extent to which artists may explore in order to pass their ideas and themes to the rest of the society. In addition, the question on the importance of such literal styles to the rest of the people has also come up. To disentangle these, the social nature of humans play a key part sinc e it defines life factors such as contentment, indulgence and thinking.With reference to the artistic skills used to express an artist’s beliefs, the story of â€Å"Miss Furr and Miss Skeene† by Gertrude Stein, highlights the triviality and intrigues associated with artists. The narration of â€Å"Miss Furr and Miss Skeene† previously published in nineteen ninety two, revolves around two women who used to co-habit. This masterpiece involves the utilization of lopsided language and conventional approach to modern-day writing. The irrational reiteration of sentences in this narration puts importance on the two personalities’, Georgine Skeene and Helen Furr, connection (Stein 176).It is this verbatim elegance, replication of words, which shapes the derivation of the writer’s literal tactic. The duplication of words outlines the base of Stein’s literal tool. Repetition in this narration inclines to reveal the oblique resolutions. This is because it is useful in disengaging the approved sentiments to contraptions that are artless so as to be perceived in a different way. The sensible replication of the expression â€Å"gay† in Stein’s composition brings out the complications in comprehending the main significance of this narration. Stein tries to decipher the notion and distraction of opinion into an endless structure.At the same time, she presents her sentiments from varying platforms instantaneously. Repetition as a literal device is vital in underlining a given theory that the artiste anticipates to share with the rest of the society. With regard to Stein’s piece of work, the reiteration of the expression â€Å"gay† appears to be the essential insight as it gives ideas on the reflections and opinions of Stein (Stein 301). The repetitiveness generates an obstacle in the acknowledgement of the narration because readers acquire varying ideas about the author’s subject. Additionally, the ob scuring of the story by using â€Å"gay† reiterations makes it unexciting.The implication of â€Å"gay† attracts further questioning as it has several meanings. In the contemporary society, the expression â€Å"gay† refers to homosexuals. Nonetheless, in Stein’s composition, it ought to be studied in literal terms. In prehistoric period, the implication of this expression was wide-ranging depending on the circumstance in the play. The expression â€Å"gay† is composed of the word gai. This is a French adjective which refers to ‘joyful or pleasant’ acts. It is further related to bright, dazzling colors as demonstrated by Miss Mars’ decorated hair as well as the huge cosmetic application of both women.The rigorous exploitation of this word by replication turns out to be sensitive and erotic. On the other hand, persistent repetition of this word ends up with a dissimilar connotation as seen in the case of the amusing Mrs. and Mr. F urr and their household which ended up in misery (Stein 212). For a reader to ascertain the principal significance of the expression â€Å"gay† in Stein’s masterpiece, an intricate examination is obligatory. This calls for an additional laborious exercise so as to acquire the right information as well as interpretation. This whole process might contribute to lose of interest in Stein’s work.The solicitation of simple phrases to break down the regulations of writing is mystifying. Even so, Stein is able to reconstruct the human knowledge, an achievement that is way more amazing bearing in mind that the rejuvenation involves massive undertakings in developing conventional revelation. Related dialect in humans and theirs vital provision, which is insight and contemplation, is engrained in a desolate state of affair with, optimistic and an auspicious future to come. The regular descriptive work of Stein acts at the same time, as a limitation and a reparation charact eristically for the prolonged reflection of individuals.In addition to that, it acts as a prerequisite and forthcoming high stature for both the novelist and reader. The technique used by Stein to count on as well as direct this imagery is also mystifying. This is in line with the fact that there is no extensionality with the previous masterpiece. In addition to Stein’s notion as defined in the story, she worries with the conduction of life rather than creation of judgments. In the long run, Stein lays bare her anti-narrative expertise with witty customary clarifications where meditation is bound by an increasingly non-standard sentence organization of recounted processes (Stein 310).Putting in mind the manner in which she writes, Stein is set to bring out the essential routes of discernment and points of view with the purpose of articulating encountered circumstances, not as observed by an individual but as they noticeably transpire. The assertiveness of the author’s naturalism establishes her as an appealing individual and such charisma can be passed on as a macro-alternative and human prevailing miniature to out-of-date procedures of its representation.Consequently, her naturalism has progressed to the relentless present-day as a result of her writings on threshold of reliability with regard to the discussed subject. The author’s naturalism widens even to a greater extent to locate the advancement of the writing as the present-day process of leading life by an artist. This enables the artist to come up with the masterpiece as anticipated and make the masterpiece to reach the required standards. In this context, everything is alike apart from the period in which the composition was written as well as the duration taken to completely compose the short story.During the establishment of the masterpiece, no one thinks about the creation and insertion of the above aspects and parts in the masterpiece (Stein 356) The application of figurative language to obscure the profound meaning of a particular piece of fine art is due to a diversity of ideas that the author is apprehensive about. Artistic masterpieces that definitely exposed an artists’ emotional state have been in reality. This is since the ancient times. As a result of this, the need to cultivate fresh ideas might have been the only motivating force for artistes to endeavor in metaphorical writing.Since conventional narration was ideologically feasible and not naturally built, Stein endeavors to make clear to individuals on the nerve-wracking origin of contemplative living filled with the ecstasy of consideration as well as gazing. Furthermore, it highlights on the amiable inquest as to why we analyze things in a certain manner (Stein 3605). However, much a person expresses Stein’s masterpiece mastery, the greatness of conspiracy in the work is still delivered to the coming generation. The manifestation of sexuality in this narration is so intense th at this has sidelining of the author, Stein, for quite a few years.Through examining her own individuality, originally metaphorical and later vociferous, becomes available the proof of her definition of a feminist scrutiny in which â€Å"misperception† and â€Å"uncertainty† have an inclination of being â€Å"prosperous spots of innovation, particularly in production or about explorations on gender†. Her language routine makes Stein to be revered as a fundamental personality in the contemporary artistic world where unwary descriptions of affection, home life and natural surroundings are employed to promote wreckage and to raid the foundations of customary exposition.Stein maintains that the self-liable and self-conscious writing procedures are crucial. This is because such writing is entwined within the diligent and sociable aggravations as it â€Å"exists in a manner similar to a human being since hearing and listening is never a repetition† (Stein, 237) . Stein takes the initiative to educate individuals about the nerve-wracking fundamentals of the serious life complete with contentment in seeing as well as observing. She further enlightens individuals on the amiable perception of things in a certain way.No matter the way in which individuals demonstrate mastery of Stein’s writings, it simply dictates the passing on of their greatness. The procedure of Stein’s work creation still holds on to the progressing time. The author has managed to employ literal styles in her narration in order to get the deep thoughts of her readers. In doing so, the reader is presented with the opportunity to think critically and to view life issues from a wider perspective. Work cited Stein, Gertrude. Miss Furr and Miss Skeene. Understanding Literature. Eds. Kalaidjian, Walter, Judith Roof and Stephen Watt. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 368-371 Print.

Celebrities in politics Essay

I will get straight to the point, I believe that when celebrities get involved in  politics they draw attention away from the actual political issues and campaigns at hand. Having film stars in politics for endorsements will definitely draw a crowds and more  importantly votes. Because people love and become inspired by the characters played by an individual and in the end they are in fact become blinded by who that individual really is. It is as if you give a dangerous person, or as I will refer to him as, â€Å"an evil dower† some candy. Now a politician by him self is an evil dower who does not have candy. Without the candy it is very hard for an evil dower to attract little children into a car but as soon a candy, or even better a child’s favorite candy is introduced, this when put into context being a favorite actor, that is all the child sees and is blinded to whomever posses the candy, thus getting into the car. This in essence is basically the reaction of an obsessed fan when celebrities become involved in politics. If you really want to dissect the purpose for celebrities in politics, or celebrity endorsements in general you are able to create six different categories, establishing credibility, attracting attention, associative benefits, psychographic connection, demographic connection and mass appeal. What does this all mean? Absolutely nothing! All the reasons why celebrities are brought into an election are reasons that should be irrelevant to the voters. Most celebrities have never actually done any social work, some of them are unaware of what’s going on, in the past some celebrities have actually debated the ideals of another individual that was in there own party without actually knowing it. Up to now I have only been referring to actors as being celebrities but if we look it up in the dictionary, a celebrity is simply a famous person, renown fame. Doesn’t that mean a politician could in fact also be a celebrity? Yes,  Julius Caesar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Abraham Lincoln ,where politicians and celebrities in there own respect and got there fame from battles they won, world changing events they where part of. The difference between them and a modern day actors is they became famous for the things they did, it was who they where not a mask. But on the contrary this could also work against a politition, for instance Bill Clinton, we don’t remember him for being the president who sent the most troops into war ever or getting the United States out of a 250 billion dollar debt, no, the first thing that comes to mind when you hear Bill Clinton is Monica Lewinski. I’m not saying he didn’t do a lot of good things for the county Im just saying that’s what he got the most publicity for. All this time wasted just because they wanted to know if he lied. This is how celebrity gets in the way of politics, instead of speculating about impeaching the president for getting a blow job they should have been using there resources to gather more intelligence about terrorist activity in the middle east. At this time the president was no longer a polition, he was a celebrity, another Paris Hilton, instead of a tape it was a dress. Let’s face it though, when it comes to celebrities and politics. Celebrities are simply more entertaining. Who would you rather see in an interview, Sonny Perdue (Governor or Georgia) or The Rock.

What would be the effects on their markets in general and individual Essay - 1

What would be the effects on their markets in general and individual consumers in particular, of a temporary withdrawal of all media advertising by Dolce and Gabbana - Essay Example It will help in understanding how controversial advertisements reap in business profits. Theories of advertisement are discussed and practically assessed in the context of the impact of media publicity upon the consumer market of Dolce & Gabbana. Three controversial advertisements are analysed and labeled as image 1, image 2 and image 3 for making references to those ads throughout this paper. The temporary withdrawal of all media advertisements by Dolce & Gabbana can yield both positive and negative results. It will be an experimental phase, and a concrete prediction is impossible. Sales may boost up after offensive advertisements are pulled. From celebrities to the ordinary man, all are equally miffed by the luxury brand’s derogatory comments and image depictions throughout its history of brand ads. Withdrawal of ads will give an impression that the management has amended its ways and is respectful towards customers’ sentiments rather than bulldozing gender equality and nontraditional families. However, this is just one ideal scenario and the chance for this situation to meet success is rare. Advertisements have a massive contribution in constructing a brand identity, image, and global reputation. Withdrawal of media ads can prove disastrous, as the Italian fashion label has climbed the success ladder owing to its shocking advertisements. If their ad campa igns are normalized, then it will be no different from any other brand and end of controversy often suggest an end of discoveries. The impact of shocking and debatable advertisements will be investigated in dual dimensions: cultural and economic impacts. In the Dolce & Gabbana’s fall 2015 ready-to-wear show in Milan, the fashion brand had motherhood as the theme of the fashion show. It featured models carrying babies, children, and one who was heavily pregnant. This fashion house has been considering the family theme as central to its advertising subject since

State System Planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

State System Planning - Research Paper Example The concept of alternatives has been echoed by Amekudzi and Meyer who say that â€Å"an important step in planning and thus a component of conceptual framework is analyzing alternatives† (3). State system planning can take the form of many projects for example the roads and the air transport system. The planning system is considered as smart growth because of the way it helps in strengthening the government. The concept of planning has various factors driving it; according to the OECD, â€Å"the movement is being driven by growing public concern† (133). This was in reference to the spatial system planning; the book further describes other leading reasons for the development of the planning system as highway congestion, land consumption, need for infrastructure, and other costs of sprawl. This is the sector of high interest and is considered most by the state because of the many benefits that it offers the citizens. Washington state department of transport has this as one of its priorities; the Washington state policy has broadened its interest in many modes of transport. According to a report by the Washington State Department of Transport, this body has the role of advocating for the safeguarding of aviation facilities, safety in air transport, ensuring that air transport meets the required capacity, as well as getting rid of environmental impacts (wa.gov). For this to be achieved, the authority has to ensure that there is advocacy and partnership. Another similar project is the one in Minnesota which was named â€Å"State Aviation System Plan† as reported by the department, â€Å"the primary objective of the Minnesota state aviation system plan is to provide the state with excellent planning tools to assist in making informed decisions guiding the developm ent of Minnesota’s system of airports and expending funds in a cost-effective manner† (Washington State

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Forum on Executive Branch - Essay Example The timely and intelligent use of words expressing his concern towards the Americans and aboriginal people also plays a vital role in convincing the people with his rationale. For instance, while discussing Indian removal obliquely, the use of terms "physical comforts" and "moral improvements of the Indians" in context of the resources that will be provided to Indian after their removal simply convey that the President aims to preserve the security and wellbeing of the United States of the America. Moreover, at the very outset of his speech, he mentions the absence of danger from external foes due to the unexampled growth and prosperity of the country during his reign. This way, he successfully manages to grapple the attention of the people from the very start. In short, it is pertinent to say that his attempt to make his policies sound practically acceptable through the use of appropriate words and logical arguments is responsible for making this particular speech stand apart from

Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report - Coursework Example Moreover, when accounts are manually maintained it is usually kept pending until the last minute and that too for the purpose of filing tax returns. Accounting is not used as a business tool to keep track of where the business is heading and results is loss of control during the financial period. Bookkeeping software is also a manual system but within the defined parameters it is possible to produce essential information. The first advantage of using software is that small business would tend to maintain regular accounts than those which do not use software for bookkeeping (Articlebase, 2011). The bookkeeping software has a set of disciplines due to which it is able to produce data and records that are essential to exercise control over the business. It also helps in preparing the financial statement at the end of the year including for filing of tax returns. Records are less likely to lost or misplaced when maintained through software. Moreover financial performance can be improved through better financial control. In effect, book keeping software automates the manual maintaining of accounting and financial records. Accounting software saves time as it eliminates manual account calculations and record-keeping (Highland, 2011). The software handles chores in minutes which would take up a good number of man hours and hence can save on fixed salaries.