First Tuesday Book Club Essay

The Book Thief by Markus Zusak ranks number two on a list of â€Å"Ten Aussie Books to Read Before You Die† voted for by viewers of the ABC’s First Tuesday Book Club. Discuss the Significant Features of the novel that have contributed to its success, analysing and evaluating their contribution. The novel, â€Å"The Book Thief† by Markus Zusak was first published in 2005. The story is set in Germany, 1939, the time of World War Two. Many significant characters are revealed though out the novel such as Death, Hans Hubermann, and Liesel Meminger. These characters are memorable as well as lovable, but also bring out the idea’s and style of the Novel. Death is one of the major characters in The Book Thief as not only does he give the book a certain style but also the book is set from his perspective. â€Å"It’s the story of one of those perpetual survivors.† (Markus 2005, p.6) Death is shown as impatient and spills in the beginning the main events in the book such as the bombing raid the takes place, the death of the American fighter pilot as well as the fate of important characters. Death even notices it and apologises. By him being exposed as impatient, Zusak has been able to use the literary style of foreshadowing. Markus Zusak mentions in one of his interviews, â€Å"I deliberately made Death let the plot out of the bag. It lends to the idea of his knowingness, and that he is not human. He does not function exactly how a human would in his story-telling†¦ There was also the idea that knowing what would happen in advance might soften the blow, and it’s also a challenge to myself.† (Little Willow 2006) Death uses colours to not only describe certain moments, but also the colour of the sky when people are dying. There are three moments in the book where Death comes across Liesel and he uses three colours to describe these moments, when her brother died it was white, â€Å"It felt as though the whole globe was dressed in snow.† (Markus 2005, p.7) When the American fighter pilot died it was black, â€Å"It was the darkest moment before the dawn.†(Markus 2005, p.10) There was the last time when he encountered Liesel, when the sky was red, â€Å"The sky was like soup boiling and stirring. In some places it was burnt.†(Markus 2005, p.13) the use of colours creates a style which sets the mood. Whether the mood should be silent, soft and still, or it should make you angry. Death isn’t given a gender in the the novel and although he has feelings, it gives the idea as well as shows he is not human. There are other ways that Death shows he is not human. He clearly states â€Å"I am haunted by humans† which separates him from humanity. â€Å"To prove to me that you, and your human existence, are worth it.† (Markus 2005, p.16) Death acknowledges the idea of whether humans are worth it. Throughout the Book Thief it is noticed that there are many characters that truely are worthy such as Hans and clearly Liesel. Death illustrates that through all the ugliness that is happening at that time, even though the story is set at the time of the Holocaust as well as World War Two, that there is beauty that shines. It makes a difference. â€Å"†¦ He had the ability to appear in the background†¦ He was always just there. Not noticeable†¦ There was most definitely a value in him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Markus 2005, p.34) Hans wasn’t a main character within The Book Thief, but was an important character. He creates the love and joy within The Book Thief. â€Å"I nearly wrote you a reply and signed your mother’s name†¦ I couldn’t. I couldn’t bring myself.† Hans is a caring, and gentle. This stands out as the book thief has many sad moments by him being caring and gentle it gives you another view of what life was like in World War two as Hans is an average German man, but he disagrees with what is currently happening in Germany. â€Å"When he looks at me and smiles and breathes, I hear notes.† Hans’s accordion was not only a symbol of his kindness, but also is a part of him. Markus Zusak has carefully placed this in the book by writing about Rosa clinging to it at night when Hans works for the military and Liesel mentioning that she sometimes imagines Hans as an accordion when he plays. Liesel is the main character who still finds happiness out of an awful situation. â€Å"The words. Why did they have to exist? Without them, there wouldn’t be any of this. Without words, the Fuhrer was nothing. There would be no limping prisoners, no need for consolation or worldly tricks to make us feel better.† (Markus 2005, p.521) Although at age 9 Liesel is illiterate she soon learns the power that words have to heal and save such as Liesel reading books to Frau Holtzapel to heal the pain she felt. â€Å"It’s the story of one of those perpetual survivors- an expert at being left behind.†(Markus 2005, p.6) Liesel is seen as a â€Å"perpetual survivor† because despite many people dying and all the suffering she manages to still have pure happiness. The style and ideas are shown through the characters and the book is unusual in so many ways as it tackles ideas most don’t want to think about such as the ugliness and beauty of humans and whether some deserve to live. It also shows the power humans have through words and what we believe in. It looks at a different perspective of death so instead of humans being afraid of death, Death is afraid of humans. It’s a sad, depressing story where many good characters die, but it shows lightness. Good people who stand out even if not important. The novel is beautifully written as it flows like a poem with such power. These are the significant features that have contributed to its success. Zusak, M 2005, The Book Thief, PanMacillan, Sydney. Little Willow 2006, ‘Interview: Markus Zusak’, Blog post, interview, 4 June, accessed 22 May 2013, .

Is Tourism Considered an Import or an Export?

Is tourism import or export? Tourism is now one of the fastest growing sectors of the economies of many countries, especially for the developed regions. What is the majority of their income of the tourism industry comes from? In fact, their income is came form importing and exporting tourism. However, is tourism solely export or import? Our group holds the view that tourism is both import and export. Exporting tourism means that tourists from other places travel to the host country and consume goods and services. In addition, according to book ‘Tourism Principles and Practice (second edition)’, it is said that international tourist expenditure can be seen as an invisible export from the other countries. To explain, let us take Macau as an example. Macau, as an international city with its fast-developing tourism industry, attracts tourists all around the world. At the day when tourists first arrive Macau until they leave, they will have fundamental needs of transportation, accommodation and food and beverages. When tourists go to different scenic spots, they will need transportation and they may buy souvenirs. Moreover, some of them will visit the casinos for entertainment, and eventually they will need to eat and to have a place to stay (e. g. hotel). As they are enjoying all these services, Macau is exporting tourism for Macau provides these services. On the other hand, importing tourism means that people from the host country travel to the other places and consume goods and services there. In fact, import of tourism is exactly the opposite of export of tourism. Domestic citizens of the host country travel to other places and surely they will also need accommodation and transportation. Therefore, we are importing tourism from other places. In conclusion, according to the above information provided, our group strongly agrees that tourism should include both import and export. Furthermore, import and export should be maintained in an equilibrium state.

Discuss Christian Views on Contraception, Marriage and Divorce Essay

Explain Christian beliefs about contraception (6) Christians believe that God created humans and that humans should ‘grow in population’ and so therefore they should reproduce naturally and grow in numbers. The Roman Catholic church believes that contraception is immoral and wrong since they regard it as artificial and unnatural since it prevents new life and this is not what God intended humans to do. God wants use to be ‘fruitful and increase in number’ they believe that sex should not carried out with no intention to create new life. Christians believe that God made most humans fertile since God has destined for use to create new life; God has planned our life even before we were born and so some Christians believe we should not interfere with God’s plan by using artificial means. The Catholic Church believes the use of contraception is sinful. Yet in today’s society, some Catholics believe that it is important to believe in our conscience and so contraception may be acceptable. This is particularly the case, were The Church of England are not against the use of contraception as it allows a couple to think about when to actually have a child and so contraception results in the child actually being wanted and loved since we should ‘love thy neighbour’. Both churches agree that contraception is acceptable if it protects the health of the couple, i.e. it stops the prevention of HIV/AIDS and so in these circumstances contraception is acceptable. 1. Explain how a Christian marriage ceremony might guide a couple in their married life (6) Christians believe a Christian marriage has vows in front of God, therefore the fact that God is a part of the ceremony the vows are extremely important since the husband and wife promise to be with one another ‘in sickness and health’ therefore these vows brings the couple closer in relationships and they can support one another since ‘It will make a helper suitable for him’ therefore the ceremony Is an act to express their love for one another and the promises that they are willing to follow. The ceremony may guide the couple in life since once they are married the ‘two will become one flesh this shows that they will equally live amongst each other and they have equal values and they should and care for each other. Prayers are held in the wedding to ask for God’s blessings therefore this leads couples into a moral way of life. The exchanging of rings is symbolic of the commitment that they have for one another and that they will always support one another in their married life. 1. ‘God would never approve of civil partnerships.’ Discuss this statement. (12) Many Christians have different opinions about civil partnerships and whether God would approve it or not. Some Christians would argue that all people should be treated the same no matter who they fall in love with, the Bible teaches that equality is very important ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ and so civil partnerships should not be judged as immoral. The Bible teaches that God loves all people since it is his creation as God made ‘man in the image of God’ and so God will still love those in a civil partnership as the Bible teaches that God treats them equally. Some Christians would also argue that God created love ‘brought her to the man’ and so if God didn’t approve of civil partnerships God would not allow people to express their love. Some Christians believe that same-sex couples should have the same freedom to marry that other couples have since they should be treated equally and God welcomes his people with love and compassion. The Bible clearly shows that God not judge others and in fact, teaches to ‘love thy neighbour’. On the other Hand The Roman Catholic Church and Church of England is against Civil partnerships as they believe it is immoral and goes against God intention to grow in numbers and ‘multiply’ the fact that new life can be created from a male and a female partnership is acceptable however a couple with the same sex cannot create new life and so goes against God ‘man lies with a man†¦detestable’ The Church believes that God gave women and men separate roles in the family- the women should care for the children at home and so therefore a couple with the same sex would result in the child not being cared for in the correct way as intended by God- therefore to some extent God may go not approve civil partnerships. Overall I believe that God would not approve of Civil marriages but may accept that they occur in today’s society, the fact that God loves all his people no matter what race, sex or appearance- this shows God treats everyone equally . God gave humans their own conscience and so to some extent it is humans’ choice as to who they fall in love with and so I believe God may accept civil partnerships. Describe Christian beliefs about Divorce (6) Christians belief a marriage is a life time commitment amongst a couple. However there are different views about divorce. The Roman Catholic Church believes that divorce is immoral since during the couple’s marriage ceremony they have said vows to one another in front of God, the fact that they have promised to God that they will live together ‘in sickness and health’ shows that these promises cannot be broken, and if so, it is immoral ‘A man..be united with his wife.’. These Christians believe divorce is indissoluble. The Church believes the legal agreement is broken between a marriages but the holy agreement is not. But, the church understands that divorce can be painful and so the couple should be supported by community. Yet, the couple should try and work together to restore the marriage. Catholics sometimes annul marriages so they discount the vows made and in these cases it is acceptable. The Church of England does recognise that divorces may occur and so they should be cared for and supported by others, the church believes it has a duty to support the couple in times which are hard. The church believes it is important to try and restore the marriage in order to retain happiness and joy in society since the marriage ‘two will become one flesh’. If a divorcee wants to remarry, it is up to the vicar to agree to the marriage or not. ‘Women should always obey their husbands’ Discuss the statement. (12) To some extent, one would argue this statement is outdated since women’s roles are becoming just as important as men’s and the increase in emancipation of women shows that both men and women are treated equality. This is also shown in the Bible, as God mentions there are ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ therefore God loves and cares for women and mean just as much. And so women should not look up to men and be treated differently according to the Bible. The Bible teaches that both roles of women and men are just as important and they rely on one another to live a stable lifestyle and so this equality shows that women should not obey men. In fact the Bible teaches that all humans, including women, are given a conscience and they can choose right from wrong and so therefore women can choose whether to obey their husband or not as they have a free conscience. However, women should obey men to some extend as the man is regarded as the leader of the household and so needs respect and obedience in order to show man’s role in a household. The Bible teaches that that women should ‘submit to your husbands’

The Benefits and Challenges of Obtaining a Masters at 50 Essay

The Benefits and Challenges of Obtaining a Masters at 50 - Essay Example According to an article published by the Quacquarelli Symonds (QC) Top Grad School entitled â€Å"Can you ever go back? Graduate study later in life†, there are eminent benefits of studying later in life, to wit: â€Å"older candidates tend to be more focused and less likely to succumb to the financial pressures of their younger counterparts. They can also draw on a range of professional and personal experiences often relevant to their graduate field of study† (QC, par. 3). The discourse likewise noted this group of students are more motivated, are highly confident and able to share relevant applications of the course to younger counterparts. On the other hand, the challenges are seen in terms of time management and prioritizing work, social and family life and the academic requirements of graduate studies. Whatever the reasons are for older students to pursue masters at 50, or even at later ages, the contemporary stance of most graduate schools globally encourage older applicants due to their maturity and professionalism that would enhance learning in the programs they delve into. As for me, I am definitely pursuing my master’s degree in Nursing at 50 due to the genuine desire to learn something new from this field of endeavor, and to eagerly share what I have experienced in return, from my career for the past 30 years.

Sexeducation Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sexeducation - Speech or Presentation Example The Problem Sex education is a major issue all over the world. The most widely debated point is whether to educate children about sex. Why do children need to know about sex? Should children learn about sex? At what age should they learn it? All of these questions are hotly debated. This topic has its pros and cons like any other topic, but which arguments are the most convincing? Let’s take a look at the way sex education is handled in two different cultures: American culture and Arab culture. Most people in the United States learn about sex in school, but in Arab culture they are more likely to learn from their parents. I think that makes a big difference. Where and how young people first learn about sex is very important. Bad sex education at an early age could lead to many problems. Fortunately, there is a solution. When introducing young people to a new idea, it’s important to be cautious and make sure they are ready. For example, you shouldn’t teach a five- year-old about the specifics of sex that he isn’t yet ready to understand any more than you would try to feed a baby solid foods before he is able to chew them. Kids should be guided into the topic at a pace that they can understand. It’s important to teach kids about sex carefully, in small steps.

Management Accounting for Business Decisions Essay

Management Accounting for Business Decisions - Essay Example In the case of CoolSchool and Scrubs, differences in operations present the greatest challenges to the whole merger. The new company resulting from the merger will have new dynamics and set of accounting challenges which must be addressed in order to ensure success (Bierman 2010). CoolSchool supplies school uniforms at the beginning of the school year and the number of uniforms is based on the previous year’s enrollment. It is important to note that despite the merger, there will still be an important need to ensure that uniforms are supplied to the schools every year and on time. In addition, it is difficult for schools to provide the exact number of uniforms they shall need. In this respect, it becomes necessary for the company to continue its present production method which uses estimates from the previous year. However, this can be further improved to enhance accuracy. Since CoolSchool has supplied uniforms to schools for a number of years, it has records on the supply for every year. By using the record, the new merged company can extrapolate and estimate the enrolment rate in the coming year. Production of uniforms will then be based on the extrapolated figure which will be fairly accurate than using the enrolment for the previous years (Brush 20 08). Regarding hospital uniforms, the new company will easily predict the number based on the staff numbers previously used by Scrubs. Considering the accurate production in this regard, it is important that the new company produces a large amount of uniforms for 8 months. Producing large numbers of uniforms on a single occasion helps the company to enjoy the economies of scale associated with large scale production. In addition, hospitals will always require new uniforms and the company should not therefore worry about any excess inventory (Gleich 2010). Producing a large amount of hospital uniforms at one time will help the company in creating

Describing Hulga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describing Hulga - Essay Example She holds no compassion for anyone including her mother towards whom she continuously makes rude remarks. An important part of Hulga’s character is her missing leg. Initially she used to be insecure and fearful because of her wooden leg but as she grew up she realized that it was an inevitable part of her. She does not allow anyone to come near it nor allowing anyone to see it, indicating her possessiveness towards her artificial leg. Despite her professed beliefs, Hulga had some reservations about her looks and age as she always wanted to portray herself younger than she actually was. Mrs. Hopewell â€Å"thought of her daughter as a child though she was thirty-two years old and highly educated† (271).   Moreover Hulga showed similar childish behavior. â€Å"all day [she wore] a six-year-old skirt and a yellow sweat shirt with a faded cowboy on a horse embossed on it† (276).   When Manly Pointer requested her age, she replied seventeen (283).   The first me ntion of Joy in the story is as Mrs. Hopewell’s daughter, as a â€Å"large blonde girl who had an artificial leg† (271).  Joy is totally dependent on her mother because of her physical disability. When she was ten, Joy lost her leg in an accident during hunting. In addition to her physical disability, she had heart problems because of which she could not go away from her home. In short, her health confined her to her home with her mother as her only caretaker.

Effect of the Black Death in England on London's culture, population Essay

Effect of the Black Death in England on London's culture, population and economy between 1348 and about 1500 - Essay Example The manner in which the plague quickly spread is rather disheartening. The action of the Sicilians to close their Messina port necessitated the ships from the east to seek available port alongside the Mediterranean. As such, the plague quickly grew and spread into the nations where these plague harboring ships anchored. In this way, the plague was responsible for the demise of approximately one third’s of England’s population. In approximately four years, the plague had covered almost the entire world. This illustrates the grave situation that had been fashioned by the plague. As such, it is imperative to analyze the exact impact of this plague on England as a whole. The steady growth that had characterized England prior to the plague experienced a sudden turn. The extent of deaths that were being realized from the plague has a resounding impact on the religious, economic, social and political structures. The fact that the ships could not anchor in Messina was not enoug h grounds to explain the sporadic nature of the spread of the plague. In sourcing the answer to this question, the situation that existed in England prior to the incidence of the Black Death, has to be highlighted. The source of the plague was from the fleas that were preset in animals. This is especially the big black rats. As long as the animals were alive, the fleas stayed with their host. However, a problem arose when these animals died; and the fleas had nowhere to go. In their search for a new host, they tended to also attack humans. As such, the fact that the plague killed one third of the entire England population, it left a significantly large impact on the political, economic and religious structure of England. At the time of the plague, England had been fiercely catholic; as such it is imperative to outline the impact of the Black Plague on religion in England. The plague had its most catastrophic impact in the cities (Sloanb 45). This is based on the fact that the cities had been characterized by overcrowding. Another factor that aided in this unrestricted spread was the low standards of sanitation in the cities at the time. The relative quick period between infection and ultimate demise had a profound impact on the religious practices at the time. The period of the 14th century was a period of profound religious inclinations. England was largely catholic. As such, it was a convention that people would die with their last rights and having confessed their sins. However, this procedure could not be sustained given the vast number of deaths that were being recorded. This compelled the Pope Clement VI to give remission to all those deaths was a directly sourced from the Black Plague. This is because the clergy were unable to be at the bedside of everyone who died. The religious transformation allowed the dying to confess their sins to anyone at their bedside. So much was the need to have people at the bedside of the dying that people were also allowed to confess to women. This had previously been unacceptable in the catholic religion. However, given the nature of the situation, this had to be accepted. The reliance on the clergy hit low probabilities given the characteristic of the plague in attacking isolated populations exemplified by monasteries. It is no surprise that people thought that the plague was as a result

To compare and contrast Ebenezer Howard's ideas of town planning, such Essay

To compare and contrast Ebenezer Howard's ideas of town planning, such as The Garden City and that of Archigam, in particular The Waking and Plug In Cities - Essay Example Towards this direction, Ebenezer Howard has been considered as the person who ‘put forward a new physical form and structure for urban growth which would reintroduce a balanced and ecological relationship between the city-of limited size and population-and the countryside-of sufficient size to support the city with all necessary goods and material-as well as a balance between the varied functions of the city, again as a result of the strict limitation of its size and population’ (Frey, 1999, 18). One of the most known study of Howard has been the ‘Garden City’ in which Howard states his ideas regarding the town planning and its potential forms in the cities of his era – in his case the city under examination had been London. Apart from Howard, many other theorists have tried to respond to the increased need for innovative proposals regarding the urban planning mostly in big cities. In this context, a group of young London architects, created in 1961 a ‘magazine’ called Archigram which has ‘dominated the architectural avant garde in the 1960s and early 1970s with its playful, pop-inspired visions of a technocratic future’ (Design Museum, 2007). Archigram was published in 1961 on ‘a large sheet of the cheapest available paper; filled with Greene’s poems and sketches of architectural projects designed by Cook, Michael ‘Spider’ Webb and other friends, the magazine voiced their frustration with the intellectual conservatism of the British architectural establishment’ (Design Museum, 2007). Archigram had a significant influence on the urban design of the specific period (1960’s).Today Archigram’s proposals are still considered as unique and innovative plans for the urban design area. However, these plans have remained in the paper and have never been applied in real terms. Urban design has been developed throughout the years in accordance with the needs and the potentials of each particular

The Airline Industry Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Airline Industry - Case Study Example (Berg, 2008). This achievement is indeed remarkable against the backdrop of escalating fuel prices, rising operating coats and fierce competition in the airlines industry, either leaving many airline companies to close shop, or seek mergers and strategic alliances with larger airlines, to save themselves from virtual extinction. Business strategy in terms of quick, short and multiple entry and departures from secondary airports, or short haul flights, which not only add to revenues but also cut downs operating costs and saves fuel dramatically. Larger airlines are committed to long haul services, especially over global skies, which, economically speaking, freezes revenues and incurred large burn-out of fuel. When a comparative analysis of short flights and long hauls are made, it is seen that the former serves profits and revenues more loyally and conscientiously than the latter. It is necessary for a no frill airlines like South West to work "with new schedule planning tools and processes and fleet flexibility," so that Southwest are " well-positioned to respond to a rapidly changing environment and have the flexibility to adjust our flight schedule, as necessary, to eliminate unproductive flying." (Berg, 2008). The Company has entered into understanding for hedging 80% of estimated fuel needs with values assigned being approx. $ 61 /barrel. Based on this, the present market value of fuel derivatives for 3Q 2008 to 2012 works out to around $4.3B, taking into account the conspicuous hike in fuel prices in recent years. The table shown below takes into account the futures hedging transactions scripted for forecast 2008 through 2011. Serial Year Derivatives contract as percentage of fuel consumptionAver Barrel Crude price US$ 1. 4Q. '08 80% of fuel consumption58 2. 2009 70% of fuel consumption66 3. 2010 40% of fuel consumption 81 4. 2011 20% of fuel consumption 77 5. 2012 20% of fuel consumption 76 (Berg, 2008). The future of airlines is dependent upon American economy: The airlines industry in the US depends heavily upon the state of economic health prevailing in the country. This is because the predominance of good economy translates into greater economic activities, which could encourage air travel for business. In the present context, the world economy, and particularly, US is in a state of flux. Privatization of airlines had its share of economic prosperity, but is not without challenges. As a result of open skies policies, many small airlines companies came into the field, and more significantly, upturned the business prospects of large, established players, whose heavy overheads, spiraling operating costs and high ticketing structure resulted in unmitigated disasters.. Smaller, leaner and low cost airlines companies, with just the minimum infrastructure necessary, provided much better service at much lower costs. Larger companies were forced to merge or close operations. Moreover, it is also seen that the airlines industry in the US are highl y concentrated, with 90% of the revenues generated from just "the

Drama and audience Essay Example for Free

Drama and audience Essay Reverend Hales role in the play is to originally cure of find the illness of Betty. But instead he is described as stiring the witchcraft cauldron that is brewing in Salem Village. Arthur Miller uses words and phrases such as; narrowing his eyes, holding up his hands, surprised, quickly, grasping, rising exhilaration, kindly ect. This describes Reverend Hales character well, as he is a do-gooder within the village. Miller emphasises his importance, by making his character loud, expressive yet good hearted. He makes sure the audience is aware of Hales importance, by making him a figure to look up to, someone that people can see God in, and by making people confess to him he is showing the power he has. Parriss status within the community should be an example to others, but is slowly withering as the accusations of witchcraft within his village and family drag him down. The farmers Proctor, Putnam and Giles, are all below Parris in society. They are the main male characters in the play and because Parris is higher up in society, he remains the loneliest out of the four; this is significant as he knows he cannot cope with all the stress as a single parent and guardian, and a reverend Salem relies on. As previously written, Hale was confessed to by Tituba. She confessed to seeing Satin towards the end of Act 1. Her confession was dramatic and Miller emphasised this well by using language such as; weeps, sobbing in terror, falls to her knees, frightened, suddenly bursting out, in a fury ect. Influenced by the forgiveness given to Tituba, this is significant as she is setting an example and giving ideas to the girls. Abigail copies calling out accusations, as assumed and for example she shouts; I saw Sarah Good with the devil! ect. Scared and confused girls followed in Abigails actions and began calling out accusations as well. The girls soon figure that lying, pretending and accusing others, will take the limelight from them and they will soon be seen as victims and witnesses of Satin. In conclusion, Arthur Millers stage directions in the play, The Crucible, create drama and inform the audience about the nature of the society in Salem. He uses them effectively to create instant excitement and effect as well as defining the characters in detail. The characters are however Millers own creation and through his direction they add drama to the story. The language used in the play highlights the lack of communication in its simplicity and distances itself from the twenty first century. The people in Salem lived solely by their religion and were unable to accept anything that may defy their beliefs. It also showed the lies and deceit that people created to protect their own name and standing in society. Arthur Miller has managed to skilfully tell the story according to historic facts whilst adding his own portrayal of characters to attract audiences today.

The method to obtain my information Essay Example for Free

The method to obtain my information Essay The Aim of my study is to look into parents and childrens views on the eleven plus examination. I want to find out if the eleven plus has a negative effect on children which may effect them throughout their lives. I want to look at the effects of the elevn plus on a childs, self esteem, confidence, self perception and motivation to succeed. I am hoping for clear evidence from my questionnaires that will show a clear pattern, either that the examination is effecting children in these areas or not and also what groups of children it effects. My research question is what damage does the eleven plus examination have on children and should the examination be abolished? I have desided to use the questioonaire method to obtain my information. I feel that a questionnaire is the best method of research for this particular topic as I will need information from a large sample group and from different settings. A questionnaire is a quick and efficient method to obtain data however the response rate from a questionnaire may not always be high. I will be giving out double the number of questionnaires that I need to allow for people not completing the questionnaire properly, losing the questionnaire or not handing the completed questionnaire back in time. The particular issue that I have chosen is a very contriversal issue which is an advantage as parents in particular feel very strongly about the issue due to on going talks in education settings and in the media, this makes parents want to voice their opnions as it involves their childrens education and future. The eleven plus is a very talked about topic however it is an extremely sensitive issue that needs to be handled with care especially with young children. I went through various drafts of questionnaires before I had my final draft. I had to make sure that none of the questions would offend a child in any way or that a question would suggest that a child should feel a certain way. An example of a question that may upset a child would be. Do you feel that you are a failure because you failed the eleven plus?. This question could not be used, however I do want to get results from my questionnaire that may answer questions like that.

Communication Skills in Health Assessment

Communication Skills in Health Assessment An Evaluation of the communication skills demonstrated in the assessment of a service user This essay will evaluate an admission assessment observed a specific assessment observed which was done by mentor. Communication skills that she used will be analysed. Furthermore appropriate literature will be used to understand if the communication skills that were used were the most effective as well as that of both verbal and non-verbal communication skills. All names have been changed for patient confidentiality in accordance with the NMC guidelines (NMC, 2008).The patient will be referred to as Mrs. Smith. Mrs. Smith is an 80yrs old lady widower living alone in a bungalow. She was admitted to the ward from AE. She depends on his son who lives a few miles away and visits him twice weekly. Mrs. Smith was diagnosed of COPD 10 years ago and Ischaemic heart disease 4 years ago. He smokes 40 cigarettes a day. Currently, he is on Salbutamol 200mcg/dose dry powder inhaler 1 puff as required, Spiriva 18mcg inhalation powder capsules once a day, Nicorandil 20mg tablets one twice a day, Simvastatin 40mg tablets once daily and Glyceryl Trinitrate 400mcg/dose pump sublingual spray as required. Over the past few years, he has been admitted to hospital three times owing to exacerbation of COPD and has had a bad chest infection yearly for the past few years. Mrs. Smith has not been well for two days and has been coughing and wheezing with increased Phlegm and a temperature. She lost quite remarkable weight in the past few months because she has not been eating and drinking well. Mrs. Smith could hardly finish a sentence without gasping for breath and appeared anxious when the General Practitioner referred him to hospital. The assessment was done by mentor included the EWS’s. Assessment is the first stage in the nursing process. Kozier, et al (2012) stated that assessment is a systematic collection of data with a view to identifying the patient’s actual and potential health problems. A complete and holistic assessment should take into consideration the individual’s psychological, social, spiritual and cultural needs (Matthews, 2010). Collected data can be subjective or objective (Hoffman, Aitken and Duffield, 2009). Full assessment should be systematic, patient oriented, evidence based and holistic; and nurses should seek informed consent from a patient before initiating assessment, any treatment or care (NMC, 2008). Consent was sought from Mrs. Smith to conduct an assessment on her. There are three types of assessments namely; mini, comprehensive and targeted. Targeted assessment was used in assessing Mrs. Smith. Vital signs were recorded to establish the baseline observations which help in early recognition of patient deterioration allowing early intervention before the patient’s condition worsens (Adam, Odell and Welch, 2010). Mrs. Smith’s respiratory rate was recorded as 21 breaths/minute, implying dysponea whereas normal respiratory rate ranges between 12 and 18 bpm (Dougherty and Lister, 2011). His pulse was 102 beats/minute confirming tachycardia against a normal pulse range of 60 to 100 beats/minute (Hastings, 2009). Nurses should count the pulse and respiratory rates for a full minute each, giving ample time to observe any abnormalities in pulse rate, rhythm and volume (Smith, et al, 2008). With normal blood pressure ranging from 110/60 and 140/90mmHg (Bishop, 2009), Mr Smith’s blood pressure, measured using both an electronic device and a manual cuff was recorded as mild hypertension at 160/90mmHg. Temperature was checked using an electric tympanic thermometer and Mrs. Smith had moderate pyrexia with a core temperature of 38.9 degrees Celsius indicating possible pathogen invasion (Smith and Field, 2011). A normal core body temperature ranges between 36 to 37.5 degrees Celsius (Smith and Robert, 2011). Arterial blood gases (ABG) test analysis was conducted and pulse oximetry was used to record oxygen saturation which read 87% suggesting hypoxemia. Both Felton (2012) indicated that ABGs analysis produces more accurate oxygen saturation than pulse oximetry. My mentor failed to introduce herself first before she touched the patient, which is important when conducting with patients during the time she did the observations. (Henderson ,2004) stated that nurses have to show impression by recognizing yourself as well as your role delivers patients with the sensitivity that you are honest and that they are being appreciated. Mrs. Smith was given a verbal informative account of giving him oxygen therapy and the reason for doing this by my mentor. Verbal language is one of the vital ways in which we communicate and is more helpful way in both gathering and updating patients of their disorder (Berry, 2007). Communication can be verbal and non- verbal.Peate (2005) states that non- verbal communication reinforces a verbally communicated message. Non-judgemental interactions are focused on therapeutic communication, helps settle emotional conflicts and supports heart to heart talks allowing a patient to feel safe and free to share their true feelings, fears, values, hopes and ideas. There are two ways to send a message and it has to be understood and the feedback to be given (Apker, 2001).A patients has to describe the level of his pain (Steveson, 2004). Nurse must make sure that the patients understands what has been said to them and that it is important (Grover, 2005).Close and open questions normally have the ability to determine a huge amount of accurate information. Mentor who administered oxygen therapy to Mrs. Smith did verbally tell Mrs. Smith what she was going to do since this process has not been done earlier to ensure that Mrs. Smith had understood the process which was going to be done. My mentor was aware of Mrs. Smith’s disorder but she failed to make sure that she agreed the procedure. Unfortunately if one does not practice listening skills correctly and related skills without the patient fully considerate can disturb the beneficial connection and often form an obstacle to message (Andrews Smith, 2001). Environmental obstructions such as a busy ward or a strained nurse can every so often decrease the level of kindness and impact real message (Endacott Cooper, 2009). On the other hand nurses must remain sympathetic all the times towards service user’s regardless of pressure altitudes and amount of work (Von Dietze Orb, 2000).My mentor’s procedure did not act in accordance with the NMC guidelines in respects to gaining consent as she failed to notify the patient of the procedure then Mrs. Smith would not recognised what she was agreeing too. Agreement is complex and it can carries a grade of risk for both service user and healthcare staff. In this state Mrs. Smith was incapable to give consent and the oxygen that acquired was in his best interest. Though, regardless of the service user’s understanding the agreement of consent must still be tried (Green, 1999). Timby, (2005) recommends that a service user’s right to self-government must be supported and ap preciated regardless of gender, race, religion, culture and disability. On the other hand well experienced communication procedures are incompetent if the significant idea of the interactive links goes misunderstood (Arnold Boggs, 2007). Charlton etal (2008) debate that there are two unlike statement styles, biomedical and biopsychosocial. The biomedical style focusses on specific evidence relating to the service user’s disorders that is evidence focused. The biopsychosocial style is a patient centred approach which is directed by determining patients’ requires to offer the most existing message method. My mentor if possible should have designed an action plan to regulate the lively method of collaborating with Mrs. Smith in order to carry out the oxygen procedure. For example every patient is not the same their requirements must be measured prior to carrying out any invasive methods. A patient centred method is said to have a more confident impression on patient results. On the other hand there is slightly study that debates personal skills in compared to a massive amount of rich study that argues simple communication skills regardless of proof suggesting that patient focused on care is the most actual manner (Jones, 2007) Patients with breathing problems have difficulties in speaking especially when they are out of breath. The will have problems in communicating sometimes have barriers when trying to speak or trying to explain themselves. This indicate to a failure in communication and sometimes it can cause their health requirements not be met (Turnbull Chapman, 2010). Kacperek, (1997) describes non-verbal communication as the word used to use to describe all methods of communication not organised by language. Argyle, (1988) advocates that the non-verbal element of communication is five times more prominent than the spoken aspect. When Mrs. Smith was given oxygen, my mentor did not the use of non-verbal communication. Research have time and again revealed that language has no real incidence when interactive with patients (Foley, 2010). Non-verbal achievement such facial expressions,posture,touch eye contact and body language, display many feelings need to have verbalise (Foley, 2010). The Solar acronym is also an aid to recognise and think of the performances that should be applied in order to accomplish real communication (Burnard, 1992). This tool includes of position of seat, leaning near the patient, eye contact and relaxation. If the method of non-verbal communication been there Mrs. Smith might have not been nervous and she should had felt more comfortable (Mason, 2010). Dougherty Lister, (2008) is in contract with this model as he argued that remaining eye contact, take down position to the patient’s level and gently touching the service user hand whilst talking to them it helps them not to be scared. However touch is seen to be a real system of nonverbal communication which be able to put a service user at relax if they are worried or frustrated. It is insignificant to note that this method is not suitable for all patients as not all patients will feel relaxed with understanding can give this as attacking of individual’s space (Heidt, 1981). Communicating with people with COPD appears to problems for health care givers (Thornton, 1999). However, the NMC, (2015) competency standard in still that all nurses are to provide best excellence sympathetic care near moral and cultural issues as well as ill health. Jormfeldt, (2010) has presented that a great level of nursing teachings in both academically and practical settings can definitely impact attitudes of nurse’s views near patients. On the other hand, reflection is appreciated as an important factor of managing in these situations as it gives a method where undergraduate nurses can challenge, relate and analysis their assessment systems and hold the method of alteration to a helpful approach concerning patients with illnesses. Dodd Brunker, (1999) debate that by creating combined partnerships with both carers and authorities who are involved in the patients care can support you to evaluate the patient’s communication skills and their chosen ways of communication. Additionally, in agreement with the NMC (2015) rules it is important that all nurses must treat all patients with respect and self-esteem and not differentiate in any way regardless of their age, gender, race and or disability. To develop the circumstances the nurse who administered the oxygen to Mrs. Smith might have communicated with the patient’s family. Since she came to hospital accompanied by her son, this might have given my mentor a good image concerning Mrs. Smith’s about what she enjoys mostly and what she does not like. This might have given her with the greatest means of method of how to carry out all the process. Family members could have been asked to be there with my mentor which might have allow Mrs. Smith to relax. Nurses should every time put patient’s individual requirements first and recognise what is good for the patient morally rather than that of a qualified staff views only (Mencap, 2007). In conclusion, this essay has revealed the communication skills that were observed throughout the oxygen therapies procedure. It is clear that communication is important in nursing care and that assessments of patients are vital in providing the patient centred care. Though, communication is certainly a value powerful for the real caring. Performance and communication of caring and capability at this time have a main effect on the ability of patients and relations to adjust the update, reflect choices, and adjust to anything deceptions forward. Absence of responsiveness in regards to the best method of communicating with patients can position a great risk to patients as several individuals employed within the healthcare area may not have a perfect understanding of ill patients except they are specialised. Extra preparation may be required to make sure that all wellbeing care workers are capable to offer kindly care to patients with disorders. Patients with illnesses have the right to be cured the similar methods as others, regardless of the severity of their illness as all service user would be allowed to a trained staff and genuine service throughout their understanding surrounded by the healthcare atmosphere. REFERENCES Andrews, C., Smith, J. (2001). Medical nursing. London, United Kingdom: Harcourt publishers. Angermeyer, M.H. (2005). Labeling, Stereotyping Discrimination. Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40(5), 391-395. Apker, J. (2001). Role development in the managed care era: A case of hospital-based nursing. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 29(2), 117-136. Argyle, M. (1988). Bodily Communication. London, United Kingdom: Methuen. Arnold, E., Boggs, K. U. (2007). Interpersonal Relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders. Berry, D. (2007). Basic forms of communication. Health communication theory and practice. England, United Kingdom: Open University Press. Burnard, P. (1992). A communication skills guide for hospital care workers. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier. Charlton, C. R., Dearing, K. S., Berry, J. A., Johnson, M. J. (2008). Nurse practitioners 10 communication styles and their impact on patient outcomes: an integrated literature review. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, 20, 382–8. Dougherty, L., Lister, S. (2008). The royal marsden hospital manual of clinical nursing procedures. Italy: Wiley Blackwell.  27, 10–15. Endacott, R., Cooper, S. (2009). Nursing skills core and advanced. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Foley, G.N. (2010). Non-verbal communication in psychotherapy. Edgemont. 7(6), 38-44 Forchuk, C., Westwell, J., Martin, M., Bamber- Azzapardi, W., Kosterewa-Tolman, D., Hux, M. (2000). The developing nurse-client relationship: Nurses’ perspectives, 6(1), 3-10. Green, C. (1999). Nurses and the law of consent. Nursing Times, 95(5), 44–45. Grover, S.M. (2005). Shaping effective communication skills and therapeutic relationships at work. Aaohan Journal. 53(4), 177-182. Heidt, P. (1981). Effect of therapeutic touch on anxiety level of hospitalised patients. Nursing Research, 30(1), 32-37. Henderson, A. (2004). Emotional labour and nursing. An under appreciated aspect of nursing care. Nursing Inquiry, 8(2), 130-138. Hupcey, J.E., Penrod, J., Morse, J.M., Mitcham, C. (2001). An exploration and advancement of the concept of trust. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 36(2), 282-293. Ian Peate, (2005). Nursing Care and Activities of Living. 2nd ed. John Wiley Son:. Jones, A. (2007). Putting practice into teaching: an exploratory study of nursing undergraduates’ interpersonal skills and the effects of using empirical data as a teaching and learning resource. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, 2297–307. Kacperek, L. (1997). Non-verbal communication: the importance of listening. British Journal of Nursing, 6, 275–9. Mason, M.C. (2010). Effective Interaction. Nursing Standard. 24,(31), 25 Mencap. (2007). Death by indifference: following up the Treat me right report. Mencap: London, United Kingdom. Michael, J. (2008). Healthcare for All: A report of the Independent Inquiry into access to healthcare for people with learning disabilities. HMSO: London, United Kingdom. NHS England. (2014). Retrieved from: http://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/forward-view/sop/. Nursing Midwifery Council. (2008). The Code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives: NMC. London, United Kingdom. Stevenson, C. (2004). Patient and person. Empowering interpersonal relationships in nursing. Elsevier Limited: London, United Kingdom. Timby, B.K. (2005). Fundamental nursing skills and concepts. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Publishing. Turnbull, J., Chapman, S. (2010). Supporting choice in health care for people with learning disabilities. Nursing Standard. 24(22), 50-55. Von Dietze, E., Orb, A. (2000). Compassionate care: a moral dimension of nursing. Nursing Inquiry, 7(3), 166-174.

How Sibling Relationship is affected by the Psychological and Emotional

Introduction Birth Order Birth order is addressed as the arrangement of births of children in a family. The four most common positions used in the Birth Order Theory of Alfred Adler are: only child, first born, middle child and last born. Adler associated those birth order positions with different characteristics for each. He also explained that with every child that will be added to the family there will be an effect for each family member in terms of communication, tasks and duties. (Craighead 2001) Origin of Birth Order Almost all of us are familiar of the Birth Order theory that Alfred Adler presented almost a century ago. Adler theorized that our personalities are hugely influenced by our chronological place in the family because parents attend to their children with different kinds of treatments according to their birth order. Adler identified four birth order positions as stated above and each of those birth order personalities is associated with personality traits. (Schneider 2004) Moreover, birth order does not require experts to understand human nature. It explains what factors affect our personalities even to average people. Awareness about birth order can be possibly shared although experts are still essential to understand it thoroughly. If many people will thoroughly grasp the idea of birth order, it easy to understand each and everyone’s actions, why are those actions done the way they are and how to behave when those actions took place. (Isaacson 2002) Birth Order’s Meaning and Implication In The New Birth Order Book, it was stated there that Alfred Adler alleged that when an individual was given birth, he easily copes up with the environment he belongs in and starts establishing goals. He may not knowingly... ... time, you can acquire the knowledge on why and how things are done and how these things can affect your upbringing. Birth order can enduringly affect your life. It can ruin your connection to other people during your adult life. (Khron 2000) According to a saying, â€Å"No man is an island.† We are united with others by being able to connect with them. We do not live merely by ourselves, we should be responsible to each and everyone in the society we are belong in. We must obey the rules of our society, for if not, society will be destroyed. (Stone 2004) Maybe indirectly, but birth order takes a big part of our interaction with other people. We may have distinct personalities but we can never get rid of the fact that we want to be better than others. At some point, we compare ourselves with them and it looks as if they are much better than what we are. (Munyua 2000)

Stanley Kowalski in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Es

Stanley Kowalski in "A Streetcar Named Desire" by Tennessee Williams In the play, A Streetcar Named Desire, author Tennessee Williams does a wonderful job developing the character of Stanley Kowalski. To me, his character seemed most like that of a true person. On the other hand, Stella, Stanley's wife, is mainly displayed as being the loving type, and because that is basically the only character trait she displays, it is difficult to really understand her as a person. The character of Stanley Kowalski is developed much like a real person, having numerous personality traits. One characteristic of Stanley is his rudeness and cruelty towards Blanche, Stella's sister. It is very apparent that Stanley does not care for Blanche. Scene eight mentions Blanche's birthday party, and surprisingly, she receives a gift from Stanley. This gift, however, is not one that most people would appreciate. Blanche is very surprised to get a gift from Stanley, and as she opens it she says, "Why,why-Why, it's a-" . This is the first indication that there is something the matter. Because Blanche can't finish her sentence, Stanley lets everyone know that it's a "Ticket! Back to Laurel! On the Greyhound! Tuesday!" . Blanche obviously couldn't finish her sentence because she was insulted that her birthday present implied that she was not welcome by Stanley. Even Stella knew how rude and cruel Stanley had acted towards Blanche. Stella lets Stanley know, "You needn't have been so cruel..." . In scene ten, Stanley says to Blanche, "Take a look at yourself in that worn-out Mardi Gras outfit, rented for fifty cents from some rag-picker! And with the crazy crown on! What queen do you think you are?". This quote shows that Blanche's p... ...takes the only remaining course to maintain his territory; by raping Blanche he establishes the physical domination he attempted, unsuccessfully, early in the play, and the psychological domination he attempted, later, by using Blanche's own guilt against her. From our first introduction to Stanley, when he tosses the bloody package to Stella, to our last, when he rips the lantern off the light just before the doctor and nurse take Blanche away, we see this man as an expression of animalistic territoriality. He uses every tactic possible to exert his power over a fragile, but threatening woman. Finally, using brute force and sexual dominance, he appears to win. In fact however, the winner is ambiguous if even in existence. A rift has developed in the only relationship that Stanley values - that between him and his wife, with no promise of a better future.

To His Coy Mistress - by Andrew Marvel Essay -- English Literature:

To his coy mistress by Andrew Marvel - review. 'To his coy mistress' was written by Andrew Marvel, his exceeding love for his lover, but with closer analysis it is more intimate and is more persuasive. The poem is persuading his mistress to have sex with him, and have children however; it sounds more like he wants the pleasure, not the children. It was written in the 1600s. The poem can be split into 3 stanzas; the first stanza is romantic and flattering, but also persuasive. The implication of the first stanza she is playing hard to get or shy, and the shyness wouldn't matter if they had more time. He is saying he would love her forever and is trying to be romantic, but persuasive. He mentions 'my vegetable love should grow' which could have many implications, because it could refer to a sexual undertone, his love for her is natural or there is slow growing, so the metaphor is quite effective. In some stanzas of the poem he exaggerates because for example, a person would not just sit and admire another person for 'an hundred years' yet the poem says 'an hundre...

Pumps & Physics Essay

What’s new? When I was thinking about which aspect of physics to investigate for my investigation, I knew it was a good idea to choose something that really interested me. At the time I was becoming more and more fascinated by subatomic particles. I liked the fact that much of it was new and not understood properly, unlike the classical physics that everyone associates the subject with. Unfortunately, high energy physics does not translate into good practical coursework. However, while reading Six Easy Pieces, a book adapted from Richard Feynman’s famous textbook The Feynman Lectures on Physics, I noticed that a very common everyday phenomenon is still not properly understood by physicists. Encouraged by the prospect of discovering something new, I read on. Chaotic ideas Feynman wrote (on page 66) â€Å"There is a physical problem that is common to many fields, that is very old, and that has not been solved†¦It is the analysis of circulating or turbulent fluids†¦No-one can analyse it from first principles† â€Å"Wow – something science can’t explain† I thought. I looked on the internet for further details and I found a poster from World Maths Year 2000 (http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/wmy2kposters/march/), showing just the type of unpredictable fluid motion that Feynman was writing about. It’s a new and exciting branch of maths called chaos theory and it is just beginning to be understood mathematically. The main idea is that simple systems can show very complicated behaviour that seems to have no repeating pattern. The sums that describe these systems are difficult to get your head round and appear to be way beyond my abilities as an A-Level maths student. Despite this, I felt something chaotic was an excellent phenomenon to look into for this task – it’s a chance to do some experimental work where there isn’t a perfect formula or a flawless explanation in any textbook. I couldn’t rely on distorting my results to fit a simple law, so my experimentation had to be rigorous. Limitations It was important to find a subject that was practical to investigate at school. While I was watching water swirl down the drain as I filled the kettle at home, I wondered how widely-used machines like ship’s propellers cope with the unpredictable world of chaos. Propellers have an unusual and distinctive shape designed to reduce turbulence. I wanted to investigate why this particular shape works so well – and if it can tell us anything about turbulent flow. Conveniently, water and propellers are easy-to-use in school labs (or so I thought!). Best of all, I thought, if I could model the situation but ignore the effect of turbulent water, I could look at the mechanics of the propeller, and then compare the theory with what happens in real life. It seemed like a good mix of fresh ideas and traditional physics problems. I talked about my plans to some of my teachers and one of them mentioned that his son had done a PhD degree in the formation of bubbles by marine propellers – an effect called cavitation. This encouraged me to continue with this project, knowing that it relates to current areas of research and is an important and worthwhile topic. Research It turns out that one of the most interesting applications of pumps is in fire engines. As fire services are public organisations they make available plenty of high-quality, free information online. Engineering sites were also useful. * The Physics Behind Firefighting American high-school physics project http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/212_fall2003.web.dir/Matt_Taylor/Matt1.dwt * How Fire Engines Work General information http://science.howstuffworks.com/fire-engine.htm * Bedfordshire & Luton Fire and Rescue Service My local fire brigade, who I actually went to visit to find out more http://www.bedsfire.gov.uk/index.htm * American Turbine: Pump Calculations Web-based program for working out quantities in pumping http://americanturbine.net/formulacalc/pump.htm * Impeller Design The engineering that goes into pumps http://homepage.mac.com/mrbach/mixdesign.htm * Firefighting.com Useful data on pumps but uses frames so I can’t give a full URL http://www.firefighting.com * How Things Work A simple explanation of propellers and aerofoils Lesley Firth, Kingfisher, 1983 p13 * The Physics of Firefighting Some simple principles explained Physics Teacher, vol 28, p 599 * Firefighting Contains a bit of physics but interesting background information Jack Gottschalk, Dorling Kindersley, 2002, ISBN: 0789489090, p128 * Go with the flow Article about modelling granular and fluid motion New Scientist, 2 August 2003, p38-39 Preliminary Experiments I wanted to find the most efficient propeller design. From research I found out that propellers have different shapes for different tasks, so my first goal was to get a propeller up and working, and then look at what I could change to make it run more efficiently. These are the variables I aimed to evaluate for their effect on power transfer efficiency in preliminary tests: * The speed of rotation * The size of the propeller * Since speed of rotation is less time consuming to collect data for, I’ll look at it first. I intend to plot a graph of speed of rotation vs. output flow rate. Considering the shape of a ship’s propeller, I expected to be looking at these variables later on: * The number of blades on the impeller * The shape of the blades * The orientation of the blades (what angle they are in relation to the axis of rotation) The physics principles that are important here are mechanical ones. The efficiency of the propeller depends on how much of its power goes into pushing water outwards and how much is wasted on heating the water up or causing it to form whirlpools. New Scientist’s article Go with the flow mentioned the Bernoulli Effect, which is observed on aircraft wings and on propeller blades. Lower pressure Higher pressure A blade with a curved plane and a flat plane forces some air or water on a longer route over the curve, and the rest takes the shorter flat route. The longer journey over the curved plane causes a drop in pressure, which translated to lift in planes, and thrust in propellers. According to all the textbooks, the optimum number of blades, the blade angle, the speed of rotation and the size of propeller all contribute to the efficiency. It seems like I’ve got my work cut out for me. I’m going to concentrate on rotation speed and its effect on water flow rate outwards. Let’s see what the preliminary tests show. Water flows in Axle Propeller Watertight casing Water flows out Planning Risk Assessment1,2 Apparatus or procedure Hazard Precautions All apparatus Accident or fire Supervise the experiment at all times and clear away at the end of the session. Store all equipment safely and securely. Boiling water for shaping polypropene propellers Risk of scalding Take care with boiling water, paying attention at all times. Stand well back from the saucepan and do not move it while the water is hot. Use a heat-insulating towel to manipulate the hot polypropene. Electric circuit in general Risk of fire from short circuiting etc. Use insulated wires, keep connections clean and dry, and always supervise the apparatus while current is flowing. Do not leave the set-up unattended without unplugging the mains supply. Use wires of appropriate diameter to prevent overheating resulting in fire. Rapidly rotating propeller Possibility of injury from contact with rotating blades of propeller Leave motor switched off until ready to record data. Take care to keep your distance from the propeller, especially fingers. Heavy equipment (power pack, retort stands) Falling equipment could injure Ensure stands etc. are sturdily placed and avoid placing equipment near the very edge of the work bench. Power pack Output: 13V 5A DC Input: 230V mains AC Risk of electrocution from mains input (risk of injury from output voltage is minimal) Keep power pack away from the wet part of the apparatus (to prevent conduction through water). In my experiment, I will keep all the electrics on a shelf above the level of the water-containing apparatus. Ensure all water-containing equipment is as waterproof as possible, and have towels to hand to soak up spills. Do not leave the set-up unattended without unplugging the mains supply. Preliminary findings In the research and rationale section, I identified variables I wanted to investigate. I conducted preliminary experiments to found out which variables were the most practical to focus on. The basic aim is to narrow my search down to one or possibly two variables and then find the most power-efficient value for each variable. Size of propeller was very difficult to control since I found that the propeller will only stir the water unless it tightly fits the container. Small propellers did not displace any water. Only propellers with a diameter 1 or 2mm less than the diameter of the container were effective in pumping water. As such, I decided not to consider investigating this variable. Angle of propeller blade inclination is possible to vary, but I found the range of angles possible with the materials I had chosen were too limited. I developed a method of cutting out rectangles of polypropene sheeting, boiling them in water and bending them to the right shape, but the blades often snapped and it was tricky to get the blades to remain at the chosen angle as they cooled and hardened. I decided to keep blade inclination constant. 45à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ might seem to be an appropriate angle of inclination to choose for all the propellers I will compare, but most propellers I found photographs of from my research showed shallower angles of blade inclination. I have decided that all my propellers will be inclined at 30à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ because it is easier to make the propellers this shape and I assume that this is a more efficient angle than 45à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ since many propellers are about this angle. Speed of rotation turned out to be very simple to control with the use of the variable voltage power pack. I investigated the effect of power input on rotation speed (or angular velocity of the propeller as I call it from here on in). Using a stroboscope, I determined the linear relationship between the voltage supplying the motor (V) and the angular velocity (?) of the propeller shaft in air. I adjusted the frequency of the strobe light until the propeller appeared not to rotate. At this frequency, the time between flashes of the strobe and the time for one blade of the propeller to reach the former position of the blade before it is equal. If you find the angle in radians (?) between two adjacent blades and multiply it by the frequency (f) of the stroboscope (the time between flashes), you are left with the angular velocity (?) of the propeller, i.e. the rate of rotation. ? = ?f In the table below, V and f were determined experimentally and ? was calculated by multiplying f by ?. Since the frequency is only known to two significant figures, the angular velocity can only be determined to 2 s.f. Angle between blades, ? degrees 72 Angle between blades, ? radians 0.4? V V 0 2.25 4.25 6.25 8.75 10.00 13.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.25 f s-1 0 13 26 36 50 57 74 0.5 ? rad s-1 0 16 32 45 63 72 93 0.5 Once the propeller is immersed in water the relationship between ? and V changes. The relationship is non-linear and, unlike the graph above, is different for every propeller. In light of the preliminary experiments I will modify this method to vary the power supplied to the drill that drives the propeller. It will not matter that the speed of rotation varies depending on how much the water resists the motion of the propeller. The only data that are needed to calculate the efficiency of the system are power input and useful power output. Efficiency At this point it is important to mention that I am concentrating on the efficiency of the propeller at displacing water. Percentage efficiency = useful power output / power input à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 100%, or rewritten in symbols, ? = Puseful out / Pin. Also, power input is proportional to input voltage since current is constant at 5 A in my equipment. P = VI and I = 5   Power (Watts) = 5 x voltage (Volts). Review of purpose of investigation The focus of this investigation is to determine the optimum number of blades for a propeller to have to maximise energy-efficiency. Experiments will compare propellers with 2, 4 and 6 blades. The energy efficiency of the three propellers when displacing water will be determined and compared. Their efficiency may not be independent of the rate of rotation. This too will be investigated and analysed. The analysed results will show which of the three propellers is most energy efficient in at each rate of rotation investigated. Extract from Eric Weisstein’s World of Physics http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/Screw.html A screw is a simple machine that is actually a version of the inclined plane. The pitch of the screw corresponds to the inclination of the plane: a higher pitch (i.e., more threads per length) means less inclination, and thus easier turning, but also more turning that needs to be done to travel a given length. As with the other simple machines, the required force is reduced, but the amount of work done is the same. Apparatus 13V max. variable voltage power pack Retort stands and clamps 15 cm ruler Silicone polymer window sealant Garden hosepipe Expanded polystyrene for supports Multimeter (0.25V, 0.25A tolerance) Polypropene sheet for making propellers PET lemonade bottles (2 Litre capacity) Plastic funnel for filling Stopwatch Collection bottle with 2 litre mark ( 0.002 L) Cordless electric screwdriver/drill Steel axle Volumetric burette PET pudding basins to contain propeller Water Colour-coded wires and crocodile clips Saucepan, hotplate and tongs for heating and reshaping polypropene into propellers Scissors and craft knife for cutting out propeller shapes from polypropene sheet Apparatus set-up These diagrams show how I designed the equipment. The circuit diagram connected to the drill represents the power pack, and its voltage selector is displayed as a variable resistor. The plastic volute is the container that houses the propeller. To begin with, water fills the water tank and the plastic volute. Activating the power pack supplies an electric current to the drill, which rotates the propeller. Variables to control Variable How I will control it Viscosity of water Constant at constant temperature and pressure Power and speed of rotation of propeller Use a power pack instead of a battery to supply the cordless drill. Use the same power pack, axle and drill throughout the experiment. Rotation speed does not vary linearly with power but carefully designing the experiment can avoid problems. Room temperature and pressure Constant at 20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C due to central heating. Atmospheric pressure changes are insignificant to this experiment. Plan for laboratory sessions Session and duration Targets Before lab work begins Build the waterproof sections of the apparatus and seal them with silicone polymer. Buy a cordless drill. First two hours Set up all apparatus, construct the propellers and test the experiment to ensure it works as planned Second two hours Measure the time taken to raise 2 Litres of water through 50cm vertically by each of the three propellers, with 65W power input Third two hours Repeat the previous session’s experiment, but with the power set at 35W. Fourth two hours By considering the results collected before this session, decide which range of power input to investigate in detail Fifth two hours Continue gathering results for chosen range of power inputs Remaining time Investigate turning points and anomalies as necessary In between lab sessions Complete results tables, draws graphs as appropriate and start to analyse findings. Use analysis to modify strategy and to make decisions on how to progress. While I was designing which equipment to use and how to use it, I thought carefully about accuracy and sensitivity. The major difficulty with this experiment is the unpredictable nature of the propellers – unlike many other things physics, it is not easy to find a good estimate of what will happen in textbooks or online. One way of ensuring good results is to measure the variables to a reasonable number of significant figures. The multimeter I chose to use is quick to respond to changes in current or potential difference and has fine graduations on its scale, providing high sensitivity. It also has very tight tolerances as it is designed for use in high performance electronics, which contributes to the accuracy of the results I will gather. The multimeter is significantly more accurate and sensitive some of the digital alternatives at school. It responds to changes much quicker too. I have had to design and build quite a large amount of equipment just to make this project possible. To measure the volume of water pumped out by the system, I will calibrate the water collection bottle with graduations. To make sure they are very sensitive and accurate, I will use the high quality, high accuracy laboratory glassware available at school for use in chemistry and biology. The percentage error on the volume graduations on these pieces of equipment is very small (around 0.0003%). References for planning section 1. Cambridge University Department of Physics Physics risk assessment form http://www.phy.cam.ac.uk/cavendish/hands/forms/RAform.pdf 2. CLEAPSS Secondary Schools website http://www.cleapss.org.uk/secfr.htm Implementing Modifications to plan Problem Solution How to water-seal the entire system Careful application of silicone sealant and gaffer tape at all junctions. Apparatus tested underwater by pressurising with air using a bike pump. Leaks located by bubbles escaping where seals were incomplete. How to get water to flow from the water reservoir into the propeller cavity, without providing any extra pressure that would reduce the workload of the propeller Height of water reservoir bottle adjusted until water just reaches the top of the propeller cavity, without spilling out the output hole How to accurately measure the volumes of water used in each experiment Volumetric glassware borrowed from chemistry department Calculation of power efficiency of pumping system ?E = mg?h P = Et-1 Useful power output = power spent on raising water against the force of the Earth’s gravitational field Useful power output = (mass of water raised (mwater) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ strength of gravity at sea level (g) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ height through which the water is raised (?h)) / time taken (t) Pout = mwaterg?ht-1 The mass of water is proportional to its volume at constant temperature and atmospheric pressure. In these experiments, the temperature and pressure have been constant at 293K (20à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C) and 105 Pa respectively. Under these conditions, water has a density of 998.2 kgm-3 (according to the Nuffield Advanced Science Data Book, Nuffield-Chelsea Curriculum Trust, Longman, 1984). Therefore, the time taken to raise the water and the number of blades on each propeller are the only variables in my experiment.

Heb Is the Best Store

H-E-B H-E-B is a popular grocery store in the community of Houston, TX. There are many aspects of H-E-B that appeal to the consumers in my area. Some good qualities of H-E-B are competitive pricing, friendly customer service, cleanliness, and a large variety of products. These positive qualities all come together to provide the consumer with an enjoyable shopping experience. H-E-B, which stands for Howard E. Butt, first began in as a small, family-owned store in 1905 in Kerrville, TX. Now H-E-B serves over 155 communities and has over 340 grocery stores throughout Texas and Mexico.H-E-B is one of the largest and most successful independently owned retailers nationwide. Their commitment to good service, low prices, and friendly shopping has benefited them well. You know when you shop at H-E-B, you will find great sales and fair pricing. They offer many in-store coupons and Buy One, Get One Free deals. They also offer a Meal Deal every week. In a Meal Deal, you buy an item and then get many items free! This week you get noodles, pasta sauce, and Italian soda for free when you buy frozen meatballs and shredded Parmesan cheese. Many people love to shop at H-E-B because they save a lot of money.When you shop at H-E-B, you can expect to receive friendly customer service. When you walk around the store, you get to try free samples of foods. They pay their employees well and always have enough people working. H-E-B is rarely understaffed. As a result, H-E-B manages to avoid having long lines a checkout. They also train their employees well, meaning they can provide knowledgeable assistance to their customers. Happy employees make happy customers. H-E-B keeps their stores very clean at all times. They offer antibacterial wipes at the entrance so you can wipe the shopping carts and remove the germs from previous customers.The bathrooms are always clean and smelling good. The merchandise is organized nicely and kept updated. Due to a high volume of shoppers, the products on the shelves are always fresh and not out-of-date. H-E-B offers a Freshness Guarantee for all of its products. This means that if you find an outdated product, you can bring it to the register and get the same item (not outdated) for free. H-E-B offers their customers a wide variety of foods and products. They have a bakery, a butcher, a pharmacy, a floral department, a healthy living department, a deli, and even a sushi chef!The produce department has conventional fruits and vegetables as well as organic and unusual types. They have a huge variety of cheeses, meats, bakery items, processed foods, and even ready-to-eat foods. A consumer can easily try something new every time they shop at H-E-B. You can drop by H-E-B and buy some sushi, some bananas, and even flowers for you mother! All these positive qualities about H-E-B come together to give the customer a pleasant and profitable shopping experience. These qualities are some of the reasons that H-E-B is the most popular grocery store in the community of Houston, TX.

Homeopath and Naturopath Medicine Essay

Before the practice of the traditional medicine that is used today there was Homeopath and Naturopath medicine; there is evidence of a growing acceptance and use of these more historical medicine practices being used in modern times. Homeopathy and naturopathic medicine practices have a great deal in common; however, there are distinct differences. Over traditional medicine practice and treatment, homeopath and naturopath medicine tend to treat the whole person that try to address the root of the medical problem instead of just treating its symptoms. Cranberry juice helps cure urinary tract infections, garlic is a natural antibiotic and has also been shown to help heart disease as well as other health issues; these two â€Å"cures† are just a sample of using a more holistic approach to treatment rather than prescribing a medication that can be purchased at the local pharmacy. Traditional physicians now prescribe natural based treatments like the garlic and another is fish oil. Knowing the difference between the homeopath and the naturopath practices when seeking medical help is advisable. As stated by Martin Hughes, in his article â€Å"Homeopath vs. Naturopath†: ‘The terms â€Å"homeopath† and â€Å"naturopath† mean different things in different states. In states that license naturopathic doctors as primary care physicians, a practitioner of naturopathic medicine is known as a naturopathic physician. A naturopathic physician may practice homeopathy; homeopathy is one of several treatment modalities used by naturopathic physicians to address your health complaints. In these states, a person who has not obtained the degree of naturopathic doctor from an accredited four-year naturopathic medical school may practice homeopathy but is not permitted to call herself a â€Å"naturopathic doctor.† In states that do not have a licensing process for naturopathic doctors, anybody—including lay homeopaths—can refer to themselves as a â€Å"naturopathic doctor.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Both types of practitioners are unique, however still complement the other. Both believe that the human body is able to heal itself from many illnesses and treatment of ailments should be in a natural form that enables the body  to work properly and heal naturally. Homeopaths and Naturopaths do not always go for the quick fix that a traditional doctor may use. An example is that a traditional doctor may prescribe a chemically based cream for a sever rash, the homeopath and naturopath might advise a cream made from gold seal. Both natural and traditional creams do work. The chemical based is more expensive and may work somewhat faster. A choice comes down to whether the patient would rather use chemicals or something natural to treat an ailment. Before the treatment even begins, there are major differences between naturopathic and homeopathic medical diagnosing that the patient should be aware of. Homeopaths use a detailed question and answering session that may take hours to go thr ough; a naturopath may use a question format along with x-rays and blood work to find the root cause to health problems. A naturopath may work alongside a formally trained medical doctor in an office or within a hospital format, homeopaths typically do not. (Hughes, 2011) Patients need to be aware of how their choice of practitioner works, have confidence in their ability and a willingness to follow any treatment plan given. The treatment that both Homeopaths and Naturopath practitioners use can have differences, both treat the whole body. Many homeopaths use herbalists for help in creating a mixture or formula that treat an ailment. The mixtures are normally made from plants, herbs and juices that are developed in a refined manner and often grown by the herbalist. A naturopath may use botanical and/or chemically based medication. An interesting fact is that women that created the concoctions that healed and treated the sick hundreds of years ago were once considered witches. The practice of burning witches at the stake began in Europe. An ironic fact is that men who practiced â€Å"modern† medicine and often used treatments such as blood-letting found the â€Å"witches† potions to be more effective treatment which then men did not like. (Ehrenreich and English, 1972) Historically effective naturopathic medicine is being brought back into many remedies used today by traditional, naturopathic and holistic practitioners. There is a weaving of practices that is being integrated in a positive way that allows patients today to look at their own health as a whole body treatment. Yoga, vitamin therapy, exercising, following a healthy eating plan is as important as taking medications prescribed by a physician. The weaving begins with the historical use of the naturopath and  homeopathic knowledge we’ve had for generations. The naturopath uses a more whole body approach which may include exercise, diet, regular medicine, herbal or natural types of medicine, hydrotherapy, acupuncture and lifestyle coach ing. (Hughes, 2011) Both homeopaths and naturopaths believe that the human spirit has a great deal to do with how well a person may do when the holistic approach is used. Cancer Treatment Centers of America advertise use of a more naturopathic and holistic approach to treating cancer patients. Caretakers that use a holistic approach and are competent to help treat homeopathic and naturopathic patients are used as a form of support and re-enforcing the treatment plans. ( http://www.cancercenter.com/integrative-treatment.cfm) In some societies spiritual blessings are given or offerings are made, what once was seen as voodoo and witchcraft is now seen in a more spiritually accepted point of healing the inner body. All treatments should be done following the guidelines that are given by the practitioners. Some of the treatments may sound farfetched and even weird, but have proof of their use and positive effect for thousands of years before today. Social media sites such as Facebook are full of people who will swear by some crazy sounding cures, which in fact actually do have medical merit. (One should always check with someone that has proper knowledge before trying anything that may sound dangerous.) It is wise any time a patient is uncomfortable with a diagnosis or treatment plan, they have the right to refuse. Once the treatment is given and completed, there is another difference in how homeopath and naturopath practitioners review the patient’s success. The naturopath will go through many of the same questions that were used in diagnosing a problem. Along the same lines is the checking of symptoms and reactions to the remedies used. If a problem still exists, a naturopath will add another nature formulated item to the treatment and there will be another follow-up a week or two later. A homeopath may use further x-rays and blood work to ensure the treatment is being effective. (Hughes, 2011) There is an ability in gaining knowledge that allows one to know that many forms of natural and homeopathic treatments are being used rather than filling the human body with chemicals that may become toxic, thus poisoning the body. Toxic medications and treatments have been known to cause death, birth defects and cancers. Drug recalls are constantly in the news, most people know at least  one person that has been impacted by a dangerous side effect of a chemical-based medication. Natural medicines or treatments are not without danger; therefore it is imperative to talk to someone who has studied homeopathy, naturopathy or are an herbalist before treating a health problem. Empowering knowledge comes from studying holistic medicine, learning there are ways that are cheaper and better for the body than dangerous, more traditional medicine. The human body is an incredible machine that needs to be treated in the best way possible, using naturopathic and homeopathic medicine is a step in the right direction. References: Hughes, M., D.C. (August 11, 2011). Homeopath-vs-naturopath. Retrieved from http://www.livestrong.com/article/100600-homeopath-vs.-naturopath/ Ross, J. (2004) The Mood Cure, published by Viking-Penguin Ehrereich, B., English, D. (1972). Witches, Midwives, and Nurses: A History of Women Healers http://www.cancercenter.com/integrative-treatment.cfm

Family Assessment and Intervention

Family Intervention Movie Assignment â€Å"Meet the Parents† One of our main objectives as future counselors is to understand individual clients is to first gain an understanding of family background. Working with family from a systems perspective, the counselor is able to gain an understanding to the ways in which family members interact, what the family norms and expectations are, how effectively members communicate, who makes decisions, and how the family deals with needs and expectations (Edleman & Mandle, 2002). In the concept of systems theory, a family can exist within a community (suprasystem) and at the same time have smaller relationships within that family (subsystems). By composing genograms, or family tree, one can see information on family relationships, health patterns, occupations, and religion. By composing an ecomap one can see information on how a family and its members interact with larger systems or smaller subsystems. The term family can be defined as â€Å"a group of individuals who are bound by strong emotional ties, a sense of belonging, and a passion for being involved in one another's lives (Wright & Leahey, 2000). After watching the movie, â€Å"Meet the Parents† I decided to watch the whole movie to see where it would be that the intervention would start. The scene where â€Å"Greg† tries to get the cat off the roof and ultimately to please Jack his girlfriend’s father he goes to a local animal shelter to purchase a look alike cat for the family cat that ran away, named Jinx (Which I thought in hindsight the cat’s name is the complete situation Greg finds himself in†¦jinxed). Once the family gets home and finds ‘Jinx’ has destroyed the dress and the house before his youngest daughter’s wedding everything hits the fan†¦emotions rage and Jack and Greg are starting to really express themselves. I think Greg does this because he feels he has nothing to lose. The interesting part is how this whole fiasco sort of brings the family and friends together†¦here is where I would begin my interview. The family members that I chose to conduct my interview and research on are the Burns and Greg (Gaylord Focker). By using the concepts of systems theory, genograms, and, I will be giving you an analysis of her amily and its relationships, health patterns, habits, customs, traditions, and how the members of the family interact with one another and also the outside community. People Characters Nurse Teacher Family Functioning Analyze, assess and suggest intervention Assessment of individuals Assessment of individual and Family dynamics and patt erns Behavioral issues and problems Family background Ask the fathers permission to marry the sister Teacher is motivated by what her dad thinks (smoking as a sign of weakness) Family values†¦compromised†¦living together Very pretentious Father is sarcastic and lacks sense of humor Parents still think their daughter as their little girl Mother is in denial and acts as if everything is wonderful Greg is Jewish not much of a family background for meals and family interactions and has problems with saying grace. Father has a lot of secretive ways—CIA psychological profiler Lie detector scene Burns family circle of trust†¦a tool of manipulation Son sneaks around and has limited freedom Everyone seems to want to please Jack Jack has at traditional mindset of a man’s role and a woman’s role Jack is controlling†¦. ven to training the cat how to use the bathroom Other son in law bought acceptance Jack’s friend the surgeon play’s into Jack’s machoism Wife was a voice of reason after the cat incident Address the following: What would a counselor look for or need to find out about this family? What would be essential or important How would the therapist go about doing this? Wh at is my assessment of family functioning What are unique things pertaining to this family to be aware of outside or developmental influences on the family (race, culture, stress, family development, remarriage, divorce, etc. What do I think the focus of the intervention should be? What are some treatment goals? What are some type of interventions or therapist interactions that would make a difference? Based on what I know about the family what strategies could be employed? If the family members were making their own changes or interventions, are they effective? Why or why not? If not changes or intervention is seen what do I feel is needed What dynamics need to change What would assessment, goals and intervention look like for this family/

Characteristics Of Authentic Literacy Instruction Education Essay

Characteristics Of Authentic Literacy Instruction Education Essay Introduction When children come into the world, they come with the innate desire to explore their surrounding and this is seen in their daily interaction with the environment around them when it involves language development and more. They actively participate in their learning of spoken and written language from their parents and other people interactions (Teale & Sulzby, 1986). They see print in the world through signs on shops, along the road and even the supermarket and begin to make associations when they explore printed material (i.e.paper and crayons, and story books). They develop their written experiences by trying out different things, experimenting and inventing their own literacies. As the activities begin to take on more meaning, they increase their knowledge of how written language is formed and how they function in the real world, depending on different situations (Goodman, 1986). As a result, the real world offers these children an entire environment that is literall y rich with language experiences that the children can learn and produce in a natural setting. These settings will also involve human relationships that affect how children may or may not use the literacy tools they encounter (Tharp & Gallimore, 1988). Unlike the empty slate that some people believe children are born with, they are actually vital members of a dynamic system in which the environment influences (Bronfenbrenner, 1977). The more children use the resources available to them in the environment to expand on their knowledge and skills in relation to constructing more solid understanding of factors in the literary world, they are engaging in solving problems that utilizes cognitive skills and through their interaction with members of their environment. Therefore, children’s learning about literacy is integrally tied with practical action, resulting from their need to control, manipulate, and function in their environment. Without a doubt then, children cannot escape t he realities of reading and writing, which are so much a part of their lives as there are so many relationships and contexts that are tied in with these realities (Teale & Sulzby, 1986). Through participating in activities that require cognitive and communicative functions, children are drawn into the uses of these functions by their caregivers in ways that may nurture and develop them. Consequently, children’s earliest conceptions of literacy and strategies for reading and writing are likely to be formed through activities that are often socially instigated (Bruner, 1972). Therefore, the case for authenticity in literacy is a natural process. Authenticity refers to the real-life experiences an individual experiences when carrying out specific activities (Ableser, 2008). This involves life experiences that are naturally occurring in the lives of children and individuals. When a child argues with her parent on the merits of getting a dog, the points and arguments provided are a result of a natural and real reason for doing so. This authenticity is carried into the area of literacy in the classroom as the concept seems a logical progression of utilizing the innate curiosity and purpose of carrying out an activity as a part of the process of learning, into the classroom teacher’s goal of getting her students to learn and do academic related activities. The authentic activities that individuals typically exercise in day-to-day situations are replicated in the classroom. Unfortunately the ordinary practices of the culture-what people do in daily, weekly, and monthly cycles of activity do not seem academically sufficient to meet the educational standards set by the power that be. Such practices, for example, include shopping for the best bargain, figuring out the health hazards of microwaves or examining costs for a planned holiday are not translated adequately and therefore seem to be lacking in some way. Authentic literacy practices then seem to have failed in some way.