Online railway reservation project Essay

Table of Contents1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Project Objective1.2 Product Scope2. computer softw be package REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION2.1 necessity Analysis2.2 Requirement precondition3. SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS SPECIFICATION3.1 impertinent Interface Requirements3.1.1 Hardware Requirements3.1.2 software Requirements3.1.3 Display Mode3.2 Project translation3.2.1 Performance3.2.2 Reliability3.2.3 Availability3.2.4 Security3.2.5 Maintainability3.2.6 Portability4. Design and Technical Specification4.1 Context Diagram4.2 Data Flow Diagrams4.3 Data Dictionary4.4 ER plot4.5 Table Description4.6 Architectural Diagram5. Code Development5.1 Flow chart5.2 Component Level Design(Pseudo Code)6. seeking Document6.1 stark Box Testing with Test case design6.2 White Box Testing6.2.1 Flow graph6.2.2 Independent Paths6.2.3 Cyclomatic Complexity7. Project Management7.1 live on Point and Effort7.2 agendum7.3 Risk Table7.4 Timeline Charts8. Best Practices for Software Development9. ReferencesIntroductionThis project aims at development of an Online rail line booking Utility which facilitates the line clients to manage their reservations online, and the railway line administrators to modify the backend data imbruteds in a User-Friendly manner. The Customers are requisite to register on the server for getting access to the database and query result retrieval. Upon registration, each user has an account which is essentially the learn take aim for the customer. The account contains comprehensive information of the user entered during registration and permits the customer to get access to his past reservations, enquire virtually travel fare and availability of lay, make afresh reservations, update his account details, etc. The Railway Administrator is the second party in the transactions. The administrator is required to login using a master rallying cry, once authenticated as an administrator, one has access and right of modification to all the information ancestryd in the data base at the server. This includes the account information of the customers, attributes and statistics of stations, description of the educate stoppages and physicaldescription of coaches, all the reservations that have been do, etc. The railroad administration administrator has the right to modify any information stored at the server database. The Indian Railways have been described as the best way to travel through India, as it is only a fix journey that nooky truly help you connect with the country and its people.The Indian Railways have been divided into different zones reachly The Central Indian RailwaysEastern Indian RailwaysWestern Indian RailwaysNorthern Indian RailwaysSouthern Indian RailwaysThe Indian Railways were divided under these categories to facilitate management and practicableity and even though the conflict dodge for Indian Railways is centrally computerised, managing such a huge network throne be challenging and hence the Indian Railways decided to int roduce online railway reservation to make booking have slates easier and more convenient.To take advantage of the Indian Railways online railway reservation users need to go to the IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd) website (https//www.irctc.co.in), in extension to making bookings one can check the status of departing and arriving check intos, purpose itineraries, ticket accessibility, postponing and cancelling railway bookings, make tatkal reservations, Indian Railways time table among opposites.The special benefits of using the online railway reservation facility is that passengers can reserve their tickets from the comfort of their home or office without having to stand in long queues at railway stations or having to take the trouble to go to a travel agent. An online railway reservation can be done up to 90 days before your desire date of departure, but it is advised to plan your journey way ahead as the availability of tickets can be difficult, es pecially during vacation and wedding season.An online railway reservation can be made right till the final reservationchart is made, that is usually 6 hours before the train leaves the station. The person in whose name the online booking has been made needs to prove his identity and may need the green goods an identity document during the course of his journey. These identity cards must be issued by a reputed organization in the Central/State Government and include PAN CardVoter ID CardDrivers license disciple ID CardPassengers travelling on tickets that have been booked online need to take a print out of the e-ticket and keep it with themselves during the course of the journey a produce it when required1.1 Project ObjectivesDesigning the application and of Railway Reservation System for the purpose of reserving railway tickets and database maintenance nearly train and passenger details by the railway department only. This database helps railways to retrieve data as and when requ ired in future.1.2 Project ScopeThe scope of project included evaluation of the application and was in the first place concerned with the transactions related to booking of tickets from the terminals operated by the railway personnel.Application controls and simulation were used to evaluate data validation and class logic. The selected data, as made available, for substantive checking of the completeness, integrity and consistency of data using computer assisted applications such as MS Access.The records moderateed in the database of the railways reservation centre were as well as reviewed. Discussions were held with the database users to gain understanding regarding the various functional aspects of the schema.The booking database has passengers details like-Name, Age, Gender, Total Number of Passengers Traveling, Date of Travel and Class of Travel.The train database has train details like-Train Name, Train Number, Route, From, To, Train Time, AC First Class, AC 2 Tier, AC 3 T ier, Sleeper, Second Sitting and Quota Management like General, Takkal.2. RequirementsThe train details consist of train name, train no, destination reached by the train, number of passengers traveling and number of seats available. We can add a new train details.We can delete it in case of his repair.We can modify the train details in case of anyInconvenience the name and number of train can be changed its destination can also be changed. The reservation details consist of passengers name, age, and sex destination they wanted to reach, ticket numbers, and seat number.2.1 Requirement Analysis-Due to this development project it provide be easier for the railway frame to make the customers journey as comfort as possible and so that to maintain the financial crisis of the administration. Internet facilities cant be offer upd within the time schedule. The integration of this software with existing establishment is more complex in the express schedule.2.2 Requirement Specification- The need for railway reservation system is to organize the records of railway system in the computer based software. The main objective of this system is to provide an automated method to organize the files in order for easy observance. This system provide allow adding, removing, modifying and updating the details of the trains and customer to database.3. SYSTEM SPECIFICATION3.1 External Interface Requirements3.1.1 Hardware Requirements1. Processor Pentium 4 2. RAM 1 GB 3. Hard Disk 40GB4. Mouse Standard Mouse 5. Keyboard Logitech Keyboard 6. Processor Speed 2.4GHZ3.1.2 Software Requirements1. Operating System Microsoft Windows XP With Service Pack 2 2. Front-End Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 3. Back-End Microsoft Access 20033.1.3 Display Mode1. Color Quality Highest32 bit 2. Screen Resolution 1024 by 768 PixelsDevelopment and operating environment-This project is developed by,Using WIN 32 platform.Designing of screen shots with VB.Net.Coding by VB.NetSlide representation by MS power point.Documentation by MS word.3.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION3.2.1 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTSFunctional requirement for this project isFunction 1 Train DetailsThe provide of railway system must be able to view the details of the train (i.e.) name, numbers of the train, destination, etc. of the train.DescriptionWhen a customer approaches they must be able to update the train details for customer convenience. INPUT Details of train ( internecine and external). SOURCE Trains.OUTPUT Number of passengers. DESTINATION Area to be reached. meet To update the train details we require the train name, number, destination, timing, number of seat available. REQUIRES The Database table having the details of the trains. PRECONDITION NoneSIDE EFFECTS NoneFunction 2 Railway Reservation DetailsThe staff of railway system must be able to view the customer details for their reservation (i.e.) customer name, age, sex, seat number, ticket number. DescriptionWhen passenger approaches they must be able to update the train details for passengers reservation in busy train. INPUT Passengers details.SOURCE Trains.OUTPUT Reserved seats for the passengers.DESTINATION Area where the passenger to be reached.ACTION To update the reservation details we require name of the passenger, age, sex etc. REQUIRES The data base having the details of the reservation. PRECONDITION The customers approach a week prior.POSTCONDITION None.SIDE EFFECTS None.3.2.2 NON- FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS3.2.1 Reliability- The system is real numberiable replete as the database permanently stored and backups can be kept easily , as well as the hard copies of various reports also plays major roles here.3.2.2Availability- The system should be available all the time as and when required .The availibility may be complete for administrator or partial for others.3.2.3 Security- The system is secure enough , as limited peivilages are given to other . They cannot make any modification to database.3.2.4Maintainability- The sy stem should be easy to maintain for the administrator .PROCESS deterrent example DESCRIPTION-1. Administrator He is the super user responsible for managing system users, victorious system backup,generating reports, maintaining organization details, Starting Sessions and ending Sessions and alsomanages various requests from different Types of users. Providing UserName, Password and other information required for the users to start an account. Starting Sessions The Administrator creates the system users and will be assigned with the different roles. He is also responsible to start the seance when a particular user wants to use the system every time(It is automatically managed setup). Managing Data Backup The Administrator is responsible for managing entire details by taking the backup periodically. He also takes the Backup of the database in order to prevent loss of data on system crashes or inorder to prevent malfunctioning. He can take a backup of entire database or a particular section. Crash Recovery The Administrator manages the crash recovery at the time of system crash orfailure occurs. Ending session The administrator is responsible for ending the session when the particular user logged out of the system(It is automatically managed setup).2. Train defeatThe Train Master is Admin side module. The Administrator only can Add, modify and Delete the train Details. The Train Master contains the following details.a) Train Nameb) Train Noc) themed) Destinatione) Departure Timef) Arrival Timeg) Total Seatsh) Kilometersi) General Seats (1A, 2A, 3A, 2S, SL, CC)j) Takkal Seats (1A, 2A, 3A, 2S, SL, CC)k) Routes and Timings1.TICKET BOOKINGThe Ticket Booking is user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side module. The user can book the ticket using this module. The user should follow the steps for the ticket booking.a) First you should select the Source and Destination.b) Next, you should select the Date. spot the date textbox got focus, the calendar will display. By cli cking the calendar, the date will be selected. And you cant select the yesterday and before date.c) Select the Quota (General or Takkal).d) chink the Find button to find the trains which are available.Note1. If you select the Takkal Quota and the date is day after tomorrow in the sense, you cant book the ticket for Takkal Quota for that day. The Takkal Quota will enable only today and tomorrow only.e) After clicking the find button, the available train list will be displayed in the deform grid.f) By clicking the train number or train name in the flex grid, the Routebutton enabled. By clicking the route button, the corresponding train route, timings, and kms.g) By clicking the classify column to the corresponding train whichever you want to travel, then Book button will enable.h) Click the Book button to enter the Name, Age, Sex and Berth.i) After present the details, Click the Proceed sacking.j) The frame will display the overall details like Source, Destination, Travel Date, B ooked Date, Total Members, Quota and Total Fare.k) Click the Confirm Button to confirm the details. Then only the Booking details will be stored and PNR Number will be generated.TICKET CANCELINGThe Ticket Canceling is also user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side module. The user can cancel the ticket using this module. The user should follow the steps for the ticket Cancel.a) Enter the PNR Number in the Textbox and Click Find.b) It will show the details like Train No., Train Name, Booked Date, Travel Date, Source, Destination, Class, Quota, Total Fare, Kms in the Frame.c) It also shows the passenger names, Age, Sex, Berth, Class, Fare and status in the flex grid.d) Click the Name in the flex grid which you want to cancel and where the status is Booked.e) Click the Cancel Button to cancel the ticket.REPORTThe address Module is also user (Employee of Railway Dept.) side Module. The user can take two types of reports by giving the PNR Number.a) Booked Ticketsb) Canceled Tickets3. Design and Technical Specification4.1 Context Diagram-DATA FLOW DIAGRAM-Data guide diagram is graphical representation that depicts information flow and the transforms that are applied as data strike from input to output. The basic form of a data flow diagram, also known as a data flow graph or a bubble chart. The data flow diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of abstraction. The data flow diagram are mainly classified into two module they are,Level 0 data flow diagramLevel 1 data flow diagram train 0 DFD-The level 0 data flow diagram is also called as a fundamental system model or context model represents the entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and out discharge arrows, respectively. Additional Processes and information flow paths are represented. The level 0 data flow diagram of our project consists of module like passengersdetail, train detail, display etc.DFD for getting Display Train details.LOG O NDisplay TRAINDFD Requesting For BookingRequest for BookingGet TicketsResponseLEVEL 1 DFD The level 1 data flow diagram is similar to level 0 diagram, but here the modules where explained in detailed manner. But in this module the clear explanation for the project is represented.Data DictionaryHere the data dictionary is again classified into two important data base they are Train Details.Reservation Details.DATA BASE NAME Railway system.TABLE NAME Train Detail.TRAIN NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER contract FOR A accompaniment TRAINNUMBER OF passengerS TRAVELLINGNUMBERNUMBER OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLINGTICKET NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER SPECIFIED FOR A PARTICULAR TICKETNUMBER OF SEATS AVAILABLENUMBERNUMBER OF SEATS AVAILABLEDATA BASE NAME Railway System.TABLE NAME Reservation Detail.FIELD NAMEDATA TYPEDESCRIPTIONPASSENGER NAMETEXTNAME OF THE PASSENGERPASSENGER AGENUMBERAGE OF THE PASSENGERSEXTEXTSEX(i.e.) MALE/FEMALETRAIN NUMBERNUMBERNUMBER OF THE TRAINDESTINATIONNUMBERDESTINATION REACHED BY THE TRAIN mea sureDATE/TIMETIME OF DEPATUREER-Diagram-The other tool for problem epitome is the Entity-Relationship Diagram, often called as ER Diagram. In other words, a model that represents system data by entity and relationship sets is called E-R (Entity-Relationship) diagram. It is a detailed logical representation of the data for an organization. The entity-relationship (E-R) diagram is based on a perception of a real world which consists of a set of basicobjects. E-R diagram is consists of three main constructs, i.e. Data Entities, Relationships and their Associated Attributes.Entities An entity is a person, place, thing or event of interest to the organization and about which data are captured, stored or processed. For example, an employee is an entity. Relationship An association of several entities in an entity-relationship diagram is called relationship. There are three types of relationship exist among entities. These are one-to-oneOne-to-ManyMany-to-ManyAttributes Each entity typ e has a set of attributes associates with it. An attribute is a property of characteristics of an entity that is of interest to the organization. I use an initial Capital earn, followed by Lowercase Letters in naming an attribute. If an entity is something about which I want to store data, then I need to identify what specific pieces of data I want to store about each instance of a given entity. I call these pieces as data attributes.Code DevelopmentFlowchart-The class flow chart shows how the system proceed from the input from to the outout from of the system. It explain how the system is actually processed step. It represent the flow of control as the system is processed. There are three types of program flow chart1. Input flow chat- This flowchart depicts the basic input operation in the system. In railway reservation system, first of all the password is checked then if the password is valid then we process the input from if the data valid then the entries are updated in the da ta base other than the from id refilled. 2. Output flow chart- This flowchart depicts the basic output operations in the system. The user is required to enter the criteria for output. If it is for the reservation then the availability of seats is checked. If the seats are available then the confirmed ticket is generatedotherwise the user is asked for waiting and if he wants then waiting ticket is generated. If the user wants the seat to be cancelled it is done and the cancelled ticket is generated for the user. The information about all the above transaction is then transferred to the related databases. 3. Report flow Chart- This flow chart depicts the basic operations for the generation of reports. If the entries from basic operations for the generation of reports. If the entries from the processed database are valid the concerned report are generated otherwise the process will have to be repeatedComponent Level Design(Pseudo Code)6.Testing DocumentTesting is basically a process to detect errors in the software product. Before going into the details of exam techniques one should know what errors are. In day-to-day life we say whenever something goes wrong there is an error. This definition is quite vast. When we apply this concept to software products then we say whenever there is difference between what is expected out of software and what is being achieved, there is an error. Software screen outing also provides an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs. Software testing can also be stated as the process of validating and confirming that a software program/application/product 1. meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development 2. works as expected andcan be implemented with the same charac teristics.Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in the development process. However, intimately of the test effort occurs after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed. As such, the methodology of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted. 6.2 Black Box Testing with Test case design-Black box testing is a method of software testing that tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its upcountry structures or workings . Specific knowledge of the applications code/internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required. The inspector is only informed of what the software is supposed to do, but not how i.e. when he enters a certain input, he gets a certain output without being aware of how the output was produced in the first place. Test cases are built around specifications and requirements, i.e., what the application is supposed to do. It uses external descriptions of the software, including specifications, requirements, and designs to derive test cases. These tests can be functional or non-functional, though usually functional. The test designer selects valid and invalid inputs and determines the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test objects internal structure.Typical black-box test design techniques include1. Decision table testing2. All-pairs testing3. State transition tables4. Equivalence partitioning5. Boundary value analysisWhite Box Testing-White-box testing (also known as clear box testing, glass box testing, transparent box testing, and structural testing) is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e.blackbox testing). In white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses inputs to exercise paths through the code and determin e the appropriate outputs. This is analogous to testing nodes in a circuit, e.g. in-circuit testing (ICT). firearm white-box testing can be applied at the unit, integration and system levels of the software testing process, it is usually done at theunit level. It can test paths within a unit, paths between units during integration, and between subsystems during a systemlevel test. Though this method of test design can uncover many errors or problems, it might not detect unimplemented parts of the specification or missing requirements.White-box test design techniques include1. Control flow testing2. Data flow testing3. Branch testing4. Path testing5. Statement Coverage6. Decision Coverage